Summary Human anatomy & physiology
Lecture 5: Anatomy Respiration
Functions Respiratory Tract
1. Provides extensive gas exchange surface area between air and circulating blood
2. Moves air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs
3. Protects respiratory surfaces from the outside environment (coughing etc.)
4. Produces sounds
5. Participates in olfactory sense (smelling)
Components of the Respiratory System
• Organization of the Respiratory System
– The respiratory system is divided into:
• Upper respiratory system –above the larynx (glottis> vocal cords is the exact border)
• Lower respiratory system –below the larynx (glottis)
Upper Airways
• nose
• palate
• mouth
• pharynx
,• The Respiratory Mucosa → to keep pathogens out/ bring them toward the stomach
– Consists of:
• An epithelial layer
• An areolar layer called the lamina propria
– Lines the conducting portion of the respiratory system
Nasal hairs→ to keep pathogens out
Nasal conchae→ covered in mucus layer to make sure that there is a lot of surface area>
heating air coming from the nose; no pathogens; no dust
Nasal septum → made of cartilage
Internal nares→ exit of the nose
,Upper airways (looking posteriorly) → nose:
Cheek muscle→ masseter muscle
All your sinuses drain into the nasal cavity
If you lay on one side the mucus will drip into your maxillary sinus
• Where is the olfactory area?
– Superior (If you try to smell something, you try to have the air as high as possible)
• What happens to the airflow when breathing in through your nose? Explain
- Your mouth has less surface area than the nasal cavity. Because the conchae are
shaped like a shell the air will circulate (turbulence)→ now you have a longer time to
deal with pathogens etc.
, Palatum
Uvula muscle (soft plate) will go up and close the naval cavity when swallowing.
• if you drink through a straw what happens to the palate?
→You have to suck water in> thus low pressure inside the mouth. You need to create
a vacuum by closing the naval cavity with the soft palate
• During production of which sounds does the palate close off the nasal cavity?
– And the oral cavity? → nasal cavity closes and oral cavity not
• what happens if your palate has not grown together? → cleft pallet
Cleft pallet→ soft palate has not grown together (cannot be seen, baby can’t drink &speak)
3 months old→ lip closed; 9 months old→ soft palate is closed+ therapy. When child is
9/10/11 have al teeth→ jaw will be connected back together
Lecture 5: Anatomy Respiration
Functions Respiratory Tract
1. Provides extensive gas exchange surface area between air and circulating blood
2. Moves air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs
3. Protects respiratory surfaces from the outside environment (coughing etc.)
4. Produces sounds
5. Participates in olfactory sense (smelling)
Components of the Respiratory System
• Organization of the Respiratory System
– The respiratory system is divided into:
• Upper respiratory system –above the larynx (glottis> vocal cords is the exact border)
• Lower respiratory system –below the larynx (glottis)
Upper Airways
• nose
• palate
• mouth
• pharynx
,• The Respiratory Mucosa → to keep pathogens out/ bring them toward the stomach
– Consists of:
• An epithelial layer
• An areolar layer called the lamina propria
– Lines the conducting portion of the respiratory system
Nasal hairs→ to keep pathogens out
Nasal conchae→ covered in mucus layer to make sure that there is a lot of surface area>
heating air coming from the nose; no pathogens; no dust
Nasal septum → made of cartilage
Internal nares→ exit of the nose
,Upper airways (looking posteriorly) → nose:
Cheek muscle→ masseter muscle
All your sinuses drain into the nasal cavity
If you lay on one side the mucus will drip into your maxillary sinus
• Where is the olfactory area?
– Superior (If you try to smell something, you try to have the air as high as possible)
• What happens to the airflow when breathing in through your nose? Explain
- Your mouth has less surface area than the nasal cavity. Because the conchae are
shaped like a shell the air will circulate (turbulence)→ now you have a longer time to
deal with pathogens etc.
, Palatum
Uvula muscle (soft plate) will go up and close the naval cavity when swallowing.
• if you drink through a straw what happens to the palate?
→You have to suck water in> thus low pressure inside the mouth. You need to create
a vacuum by closing the naval cavity with the soft palate
• During production of which sounds does the palate close off the nasal cavity?
– And the oral cavity? → nasal cavity closes and oral cavity not
• what happens if your palate has not grown together? → cleft pallet
Cleft pallet→ soft palate has not grown together (cannot be seen, baby can’t drink &speak)
3 months old→ lip closed; 9 months old→ soft palate is closed+ therapy. When child is
9/10/11 have al teeth→ jaw will be connected back together
