CBT exam 2, Top Exam Questions and
answers, 100% Accurate, verified.
Why would the cancer cells have abnormal proteins that could be presented via MHC? - ✔✔-Tumors
have multiple gene mutations that might be recognized as foreign
If the tumor has such antigens and has presented them to the T cell, why hasn't the T cell responded? -
✔✔-Tumor cells express PD-L1 which binds to PD-1 and down regulates the T-cell response
What approach is used in current immunotherapy to bypass the mechanism that tumors use to block
the T-cell response this way? - ✔✔-Use a PD-1 inhibitor to disrupt the interaction that keeps the T-cells
from responding
What types of side effects are associated with use of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies (the answer
should be very general? - ✔✔-Most of the side effects are related to auto-immunity (rash, fever, etc.)
What is a biomarker? - ✔✔-a biochemical or genetic feature that can be used to measure disease
progress or the effect of treatment
What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of biomarkers? - ✔✔-Advantages: Non-
invasive, Possibility of early detection
Disadvantages: False positives, False negatives
Phase 0 - ✔✔-to determine the pharmacokinetics of the drug (drug lifetime)
Phase I - ✔✔-to determine the dose of the drug that is toxic, to decide the maximal dose that should be
used in subsequent trials (efficacy might be seen in this trial, but efficacy testing is not the goal of a
Phase I trial
, phase II - ✔✔-to test the drug with a moderate number of patients to determine its efficacy and side
effects
Phase III - ✔✔-to test the drug with a larger number of patients to determine its efficacy and gain more
information about its safety
Phase IV - ✔✔-to determine how patients who have been treated with the drug after it has been
approved by the FDA have responded
exosomes - ✔✔-Small vesicles that are secreted by cells that carry nucleic acids (especially miRNA and
mRNA), some proteins and signaling molecules
Were any of the mechanisms on the following list that are NOT ones that Dr. Kucuk (and others) have
found to be affected by diet in a manner that could affect cancer risk? If so, which was the one that was
not affected by diet? - ✔✔-a) oxidative stress
b) epigenetic changes
c) the microbiome
all 3 were on list
When Dr. Offermann asked the question: "If the Immune System has so many elements to protect the
host, why do people get cancer?" which of the following answers was NOT listed as a reason" - ✔✔-
Cancer cells migrate to the thymus early in the development of tumors and destroy the stem cells that
would become T-cells, thereby eliminating all T-cell responses.
Monoclonal antibodies have been used in cancer to: - ✔✔-a) bind to specific antigens on tumor cells
(HER2, as an example) and trigger antibody dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC)
b) bind to specific antigens on tumor cells and deliver toxic drugs or other therapeutic agents to the
tumor
c) bind to CTLA4 to release T-cells from an inhibitory signal for T-cell expansion
The CAR-T (Chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapy is: - ✔✔-T cells are isolated from a patient;
receptors are engineered to graft the specificity of a monoclonal antibody onto a T cell; these T-cells are
expanded and given back to the patient.
answers, 100% Accurate, verified.
Why would the cancer cells have abnormal proteins that could be presented via MHC? - ✔✔-Tumors
have multiple gene mutations that might be recognized as foreign
If the tumor has such antigens and has presented them to the T cell, why hasn't the T cell responded? -
✔✔-Tumor cells express PD-L1 which binds to PD-1 and down regulates the T-cell response
What approach is used in current immunotherapy to bypass the mechanism that tumors use to block
the T-cell response this way? - ✔✔-Use a PD-1 inhibitor to disrupt the interaction that keeps the T-cells
from responding
What types of side effects are associated with use of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies (the answer
should be very general? - ✔✔-Most of the side effects are related to auto-immunity (rash, fever, etc.)
What is a biomarker? - ✔✔-a biochemical or genetic feature that can be used to measure disease
progress or the effect of treatment
What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of biomarkers? - ✔✔-Advantages: Non-
invasive, Possibility of early detection
Disadvantages: False positives, False negatives
Phase 0 - ✔✔-to determine the pharmacokinetics of the drug (drug lifetime)
Phase I - ✔✔-to determine the dose of the drug that is toxic, to decide the maximal dose that should be
used in subsequent trials (efficacy might be seen in this trial, but efficacy testing is not the goal of a
Phase I trial
, phase II - ✔✔-to test the drug with a moderate number of patients to determine its efficacy and side
effects
Phase III - ✔✔-to test the drug with a larger number of patients to determine its efficacy and gain more
information about its safety
Phase IV - ✔✔-to determine how patients who have been treated with the drug after it has been
approved by the FDA have responded
exosomes - ✔✔-Small vesicles that are secreted by cells that carry nucleic acids (especially miRNA and
mRNA), some proteins and signaling molecules
Were any of the mechanisms on the following list that are NOT ones that Dr. Kucuk (and others) have
found to be affected by diet in a manner that could affect cancer risk? If so, which was the one that was
not affected by diet? - ✔✔-a) oxidative stress
b) epigenetic changes
c) the microbiome
all 3 were on list
When Dr. Offermann asked the question: "If the Immune System has so many elements to protect the
host, why do people get cancer?" which of the following answers was NOT listed as a reason" - ✔✔-
Cancer cells migrate to the thymus early in the development of tumors and destroy the stem cells that
would become T-cells, thereby eliminating all T-cell responses.
Monoclonal antibodies have been used in cancer to: - ✔✔-a) bind to specific antigens on tumor cells
(HER2, as an example) and trigger antibody dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC)
b) bind to specific antigens on tumor cells and deliver toxic drugs or other therapeutic agents to the
tumor
c) bind to CTLA4 to release T-cells from an inhibitory signal for T-cell expansion
The CAR-T (Chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapy is: - ✔✔-T cells are isolated from a patient;
receptors are engineered to graft the specificity of a monoclonal antibody onto a T cell; these T-cells are
expanded and given back to the patient.
