The Urinary System Final Test 2023.

The Urinary System Final Test 2023. Which of the following is the best explanation for why the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria? A) Cells of the PCT go through a great deal of mitosis. B) A great deal of active transport takes place in the PCT. C) Contraction of the PCT moves filtrate through the tubule. D) This provides the energy needed to fight kidney infection. - ANSWER B What is the best explanation for the microvilli on the apical surface of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? A) They increase the surface area and allow for a greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed. B) Their movements propel the filtrate through the tubules. C) They increase the amount of surface area that comes in contact with the blood's plasma to help activly excrete toxins. D) They hold on to enzymes that cleanse the filtrate before reabsorption. - ANSWER A The thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb ________. A) helps to pack a greater number of nephron loops into a smaller space B) aids in the passive excretion of nitrogenous waste C) is easily broken and replaced often D) aids in the passive movement of water out of the tubule - ANSWER D The relatively long half-life of lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones) compared to water soluble hormones is due in part to the way that these hormones are passed into the filtrate from the glomerular capillaries. From the list below select the best explanation for why lipid soluble (steroid) hormones have a relatively long half-life. A) The large size of the steroid hormones prevents them from passing through the filtration membrane. B) Steroid hormones are absorbed by target cells before they can reach the kidneys. C) The relatively small size of steroid hormones allows them to easily pass back into the peritubular capillaries if released into the filtrate. D) Steroid hormones travel in the plasma on large transport proteins that cannon pass through the filtration membrane. - ANSWER D The presence of protein in the urine indicates which of the following? A) too much protein in the diet B) damage to the filtration membrane C) high levels of transcription and translation by the bodies tissues D) damage to the renal tubules - ANSWER B Hydrostatic pressure is the primary driving force of plasma through the filtration membrane into the capsular space. All but one of the following statements reflects why