FNP LEIK Question and answer rated A+ 2023

FNP LEIK Question and answer rated A+ 2023Why is Rhogam given? Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) is used to prevent the immunological condition known as rhesus disease or hemolytic disease of the newborn. RhoGAM is a solution of IgG anti-D (anti-RhD) antibodies that suppresses the mother's immune system from attacking Rh-positive blood cells that have entered the maternal bloodstream from fetal circulation. In an Rh-negative mother, RhoGAM can prevent temporary sensitization of the maternal immune system to RhD antigens, which can cause Rh disease in the current or subsequent pregnancies. Pt with GERD abrupt stop of PPI, with Barrett's esophagus This patient is having severe rebound symptoms caused by abrupt cessation of the proton-pump inhibitor (PPI). In addition, he has Barrett's esophagus, which increases the risk of esophageal cancer. Neither an antacid nor an H2 blocker is likely to be effective in controlling his symptoms. This question is a good example of the ethical concept of beneficence Depo-Provera side effect after 5 years Depo-Provera (contraceptive injection) is a progesterone hormone that causes cessation of periods. One common side effect seen in women who have been taking Depo-Provera for more than 5 years is amenorrhea. As women continue using Depo-Provera, fewer experience irregular bleeding and more experience amenorrhea. By month 12, amenorrhea was reported by 55% of women, and by month 24, amenorrhea was reported by 68% of women. NSAIDs affect which systems: Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with increased risk of ulcers, perforation, and bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract, heart attacks, cardiovascular damage, strokes, acute interstitial nephritis and kidney injury, and liver damage. It does not affect the lungs or the pulmonary system. Watery diarrhea after hospitalization and Clindamycin therapy Important risk factors for CDAD and C. difficile colitis are antibiotic therapy and hospitalization. Almost any antibiotic can cause the condition, but the most common are clindamycin, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. Diarrhea can occur during as well as after therapy (5-10 days; up to 10 weeks). Pseudomembranous colitis is a complication of C. difficile colitis. Drug interaction with Levothyroxine Levothyroxine does not interact with penicillins. But it does have numerous drugs it interacts with such as anticoagulants, tricyclic antidepressants, antacids and calcium, iron, multivitamins, proton-pump inhibitors, estrogens, statins, metformin, and others. Certain foods interfere with absorption (calcium-fortified foods, dietary fiber, walnuts, soy). Patients should avoid taking them together, and should space these foods and drugs several hours apart. Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is a synthetic form of T4. First line therapy for pain in acute exacerbation of gout Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin (Indocin), have been used for the treatment of acute gout. Colchicine may be added to the NSAIDs if relief is not obtained. Maintenance therapy consists of allopurinol and/or probenecid. Allopurinol is used to prevent gout attacks, not to treat them once they occur. It may take several months or longer before the full benefit of allopurinol is felt. Allopurinol may increase the number of gout attacks during the first few months that it is taken, although it will eventually prevent attacks. Systemic steroids are reserved as a second-line option for patients who cannot take NSAIDs. Atypical Antipsychotic adverse effects Orthostatic hypotension and sedation are common side effects of atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), and risperidone (Risperdal). It is also a common side effect of the older antipsychotics like haloperidol (Haldol). Antipsychotics do not cause severe anxiety and decreased appetite. They lower anxiety and cause sedation, sleepiness, anorexia, and hypotension, and increase the risk of sudden death in frail elders. Which medication is contraindicated for bone loss? Long-term use (3 years) of medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) increases risk of bone loss. Avoid with osteopenia, osteoporosis, long-term amenorrhea, or in underweight women with anorexia. First-line treatment of osteoporosis is the biphosphanates. Lifestyle measures are weight-bearing exercises and adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. Prophylactic treatment for migraine headaches Propranolol (Inderal) is a beta-blocker. Sufficient evidence and consensus exist to recommend propranolol, timolol, amitriptyline, divalproex, sodium valproate, and topiramate as first-line agents for migraine prevention. The goal of preventive therapy is to improve patients' quality of life by reducing migraine frequency, severity, and duration, and by increasing the responsiveness of acute migraines to treatment. A full therapeutic trial may take 2 to 6 months. Ibuprofen (Motrin), naproxen sodium (Anaprox), and sumatriptan (Imitrex) are all medications used to treat symptoms of migraine headache Which medication does not cause insomnia? 1. Zoloft 2. Sudafed 3. Theophylline 4. Xanax Alprazolam (Xanax) and other benzodiazepines cause sedation and promote sleep. But selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as sertraline (Zoloft), can cause insomnia in some patients. Other drug classes with stimulating effects are decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), and methylxanthines such as theophylline (Theo-Dur) and caffeine.