Samenvatting van de samenvatting
van 1.3.
Inhoud
Week 1 Belangrijke perspectieven voor de ontwikkeling van een kind..................................................4
Week 1:..................................................................................................................................................4
Week 2 – Prenatale ontwikkeling...........................................................................................................8
Ontwikkeling van het brein: neuro-embryologie................................................................................8
Vroege gehechtheid en de ontwikkeling van het sociale brein........................................................13
Genetische fundamenten van ontwikkeling (concepten/begrippen)...........................................15
De prenatale ontwikkeling............................................................................................................18
Week 2 – Persoonlijkheidsleer.............................................................................................................19
Deel A: Trekken & ontwikkeling........................................................................................................19
Deel B: The nature side of personality..............................................................................................21
Temperament...................................................................................................................................22
Het persoonlijkheidskenmerken concept.....................................................................................23
Gordon Allport (1897-1967).........................................................................................................26
Raymond Cattell...........................................................................................................................27
Hans Eysenck (1916-1997)............................................................................................................29
Classificatieschema’s / The Big 5..................................................................................................31
Week 3 – cognitie.................................................................................................................................35
Deel 1: de 3 cognitieve theorieën.....................................................................................................35
Piaget............................................................................................................................................36
Vygotsky.......................................................................................................................................43
Vygotsky versus Piaget.................................................................................................................46
Informatieverwerkingstheorie......................................................................................................47
Deel 2: taal........................................................................................................................................49
Fasen in de taalontwikkeling........................................................................................................52
Taal leren tijdens de voorschoolse periode..................................................................................55
Tweetaligheid...............................................................................................................................56
Theorieën over taalontwikkeling..................................................................................................58
Hersenspecialisatie en taal...........................................................................................................61
Cognitieve ontwikkeling in middelbare school.............................................................................61
Week 3 – Persoonlijkheidstheorie, situationsime en interactionisme..................................................63
Persoonlijkheidspsychologie /Trait-perspectief............................................................................64
1
, Situationisme/ sociale psychologie...............................................................................................64
Interactionisme.............................................................................................................................65
De persoon-situatie tweestrijd.....................................................................................................66
Aantekeningen hoorcollege..........................................................................................................67
Week 4 – Executieve functies...............................................................................................................69
Wat zijn executieve functies?...........................................................................................................69
Inhibitie............................................................................................................................................70
Cognitieve flexibiliteit.......................................................................................................................71
Werkgeheugen.................................................................................................................................71
Meten van executieve functies – 2 manieren:..................................................................................72
Ontwikkeling van executieve vaardigheden.....................................................................................72
De context op school (teaching through interactions).....................................................................75
Interventies buiten de klas...............................................................................................................77
Discussies rondom de executieve functies (EF)................................................................................79
Week 4 – Intelligentie...........................................................................................................................80
De G-factor.......................................................................................................................................87
IQ-debat...........................................................................................................................................92
Aanleg of omgeving?....................................................................................................................92
Eugenetica - nature.......................................................................................................................93
Nurture – omgeving......................................................................................................................93
IQ en ras.......................................................................................................................................95
Intelligentietests..............................................................................................................................96
Dickens & Flynn – Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects...............................96
Week 5 – emotionele ontwikkeling......................................................................................................97
Wat is emotie?..................................................................................................................................97
Emoties in de kindertijd....................................................................................................................98
Cognitieve ontwikkeling in de adolescentie......................................................................................99
Emotionele en sociale competentie...............................................................................................100
Overige punten die ik niet goed wist..............................................................................................101
Week 5 – Veerkracht en motivatie.....................................................................................................102
Deel 1: Veerkracht van kinderen en jongeren................................................................................102
Wat is veerkracht?......................................................................................................................102
Factoren die bijdragen aan veerkracht.......................................................................................102
Samenspel van kind- en omgevingfactoren die bijdragen aan veerkracht vanuit onderzoek.....103
Modellen van veerkracht:...........................................................................................................105
Deel 2: Motivatie............................................................................................................................107
2
, Verschillende perspectieven op motivatie..................................................................................116
Week 6 – Morele ontwikkeling (33 blz)..............................................................................................121
Deel A: morele ontwikkeling...........................................................................................................121
Wetenschappelijke theorieën.....................................................................................................131
Kohlberg versus Piaget / overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen de fases.................................138
Morele ontwikkeling - ouders en school.....................................................................................140
Deel B: Het zelf...............................................................................................................................142
Week 6 – Gender................................................................................................................................153
Nature............................................................................................................................................158
Expressie van specifieke genen...................................................................................................158
Geslachtshormonen....................................................................................................................158
Nurture...........................................................................................................................................162
Week 7 – Hoogbegaafdheid...............................................................................................................167
Deel 1: Definitie en modellen.........................................................................................................167
Deel 2: Hoogbegaafdheid en school...............................................................................................175
Week 7 – Identiteit en intersectionaliteit...........................................................................................183
Deel 1: Dimensies van ‘een’ identiteit............................................................................................183
Niveau’s inhoud en proces van identiteit...................................................................................183
Identiteitsontwikkeling (Marcia).................................................................................................186
Deel 2: Ervaren van meerdere identiteiten bij jongvolwassenen...................................................188
Combineren van culturele identiteiten in context (Vietze et al) complexiteit............................188
Meerdere marginaliseerde identiteiten (Juan et al) Intersectionaliteit......................................191
3
,1
grijke perspectieven
e ontwikkeling van
nd
4
van 1.3.
Inhoud
Week 1 Belangrijke perspectieven voor de ontwikkeling van een kind..................................................4
Week 1:..................................................................................................................................................4
Week 2 – Prenatale ontwikkeling...........................................................................................................8
Ontwikkeling van het brein: neuro-embryologie................................................................................8
Vroege gehechtheid en de ontwikkeling van het sociale brein........................................................13
Genetische fundamenten van ontwikkeling (concepten/begrippen)...........................................15
De prenatale ontwikkeling............................................................................................................18
Week 2 – Persoonlijkheidsleer.............................................................................................................19
Deel A: Trekken & ontwikkeling........................................................................................................19
Deel B: The nature side of personality..............................................................................................21
Temperament...................................................................................................................................22
Het persoonlijkheidskenmerken concept.....................................................................................23
Gordon Allport (1897-1967).........................................................................................................26
Raymond Cattell...........................................................................................................................27
Hans Eysenck (1916-1997)............................................................................................................29
Classificatieschema’s / The Big 5..................................................................................................31
Week 3 – cognitie.................................................................................................................................35
Deel 1: de 3 cognitieve theorieën.....................................................................................................35
Piaget............................................................................................................................................36
Vygotsky.......................................................................................................................................43
Vygotsky versus Piaget.................................................................................................................46
Informatieverwerkingstheorie......................................................................................................47
Deel 2: taal........................................................................................................................................49
Fasen in de taalontwikkeling........................................................................................................52
Taal leren tijdens de voorschoolse periode..................................................................................55
Tweetaligheid...............................................................................................................................56
Theorieën over taalontwikkeling..................................................................................................58
Hersenspecialisatie en taal...........................................................................................................61
Cognitieve ontwikkeling in middelbare school.............................................................................61
Week 3 – Persoonlijkheidstheorie, situationsime en interactionisme..................................................63
Persoonlijkheidspsychologie /Trait-perspectief............................................................................64
1
, Situationisme/ sociale psychologie...............................................................................................64
Interactionisme.............................................................................................................................65
De persoon-situatie tweestrijd.....................................................................................................66
Aantekeningen hoorcollege..........................................................................................................67
Week 4 – Executieve functies...............................................................................................................69
Wat zijn executieve functies?...........................................................................................................69
Inhibitie............................................................................................................................................70
Cognitieve flexibiliteit.......................................................................................................................71
Werkgeheugen.................................................................................................................................71
Meten van executieve functies – 2 manieren:..................................................................................72
Ontwikkeling van executieve vaardigheden.....................................................................................72
De context op school (teaching through interactions).....................................................................75
Interventies buiten de klas...............................................................................................................77
Discussies rondom de executieve functies (EF)................................................................................79
Week 4 – Intelligentie...........................................................................................................................80
De G-factor.......................................................................................................................................87
IQ-debat...........................................................................................................................................92
Aanleg of omgeving?....................................................................................................................92
Eugenetica - nature.......................................................................................................................93
Nurture – omgeving......................................................................................................................93
IQ en ras.......................................................................................................................................95
Intelligentietests..............................................................................................................................96
Dickens & Flynn – Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects...............................96
Week 5 – emotionele ontwikkeling......................................................................................................97
Wat is emotie?..................................................................................................................................97
Emoties in de kindertijd....................................................................................................................98
Cognitieve ontwikkeling in de adolescentie......................................................................................99
Emotionele en sociale competentie...............................................................................................100
Overige punten die ik niet goed wist..............................................................................................101
Week 5 – Veerkracht en motivatie.....................................................................................................102
Deel 1: Veerkracht van kinderen en jongeren................................................................................102
Wat is veerkracht?......................................................................................................................102
Factoren die bijdragen aan veerkracht.......................................................................................102
Samenspel van kind- en omgevingfactoren die bijdragen aan veerkracht vanuit onderzoek.....103
Modellen van veerkracht:...........................................................................................................105
Deel 2: Motivatie............................................................................................................................107
2
, Verschillende perspectieven op motivatie..................................................................................116
Week 6 – Morele ontwikkeling (33 blz)..............................................................................................121
Deel A: morele ontwikkeling...........................................................................................................121
Wetenschappelijke theorieën.....................................................................................................131
Kohlberg versus Piaget / overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen de fases.................................138
Morele ontwikkeling - ouders en school.....................................................................................140
Deel B: Het zelf...............................................................................................................................142
Week 6 – Gender................................................................................................................................153
Nature............................................................................................................................................158
Expressie van specifieke genen...................................................................................................158
Geslachtshormonen....................................................................................................................158
Nurture...........................................................................................................................................162
Week 7 – Hoogbegaafdheid...............................................................................................................167
Deel 1: Definitie en modellen.........................................................................................................167
Deel 2: Hoogbegaafdheid en school...............................................................................................175
Week 7 – Identiteit en intersectionaliteit...........................................................................................183
Deel 1: Dimensies van ‘een’ identiteit............................................................................................183
Niveau’s inhoud en proces van identiteit...................................................................................183
Identiteitsontwikkeling (Marcia).................................................................................................186
Deel 2: Ervaren van meerdere identiteiten bij jongvolwassenen...................................................188
Combineren van culturele identiteiten in context (Vietze et al) complexiteit............................188
Meerdere marginaliseerde identiteiten (Juan et al) Intersectionaliteit......................................191
3
,1
grijke perspectieven
e ontwikkeling van
nd
4
