Introduction to psychology and its methods Ai
Psychology is the scienti c study of mind, brain and behavior. / Psychology is the scienti c study
of mind and brain to explore behavior.
We need a science for that because common sense fails (Forer e ect)
Topic 1 —> genes and evolution
- The genetic basis (do genes in uence behavior)
- In the past behavior was caused by environment, or by genes (one or the other)
- Now it’s an combination
- Evolution by natural selection
- Genes and behavior
Genes are meaningful sections of the DNA, but just having that gene does not mean that it is
going to produce a protein. We have +-20000 genes, and some may be active, express or
inactive. A gene expression is whether a gene is turned on or o . Di erent genes produce
di erent proteins depending on where in the body they are located. The biochemical environment
within the cell is in uenced by a number of things:
1. The environment outside the cell
2. Timing in development
3. The overall environment
4. Experience
5. Behavior
Genome —> the set of complete instructions for making an organism. It contains all the genes in
that organism. The human genome makes us human (and the genome for drosophila makes it a
common house y). Most of our traits have genetic roots, which does not mean that we have one
gene for our looks, for our intelligence, or schizofrenie. We have a lot of genes which in
combination can mean high intelligence for example, Genes are not solo players.
A genotype is what makes an organism itself and distinct from another organism with the same
genome. Phenotypes are the overt traits and behaviors of an organism, which is determined by
the genotype × environment.
Each gene is paired with another another gene, the pairs are located at corresponding positions
on pairs of chromosomes.
Allele is one speci c variant of a gene.
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Psychology is the scienti c study of mind, brain and behavior. / Psychology is the scienti c study
of mind and brain to explore behavior.
We need a science for that because common sense fails (Forer e ect)
Topic 1 —> genes and evolution
- The genetic basis (do genes in uence behavior)
- In the past behavior was caused by environment, or by genes (one or the other)
- Now it’s an combination
- Evolution by natural selection
- Genes and behavior
Genes are meaningful sections of the DNA, but just having that gene does not mean that it is
going to produce a protein. We have +-20000 genes, and some may be active, express or
inactive. A gene expression is whether a gene is turned on or o . Di erent genes produce
di erent proteins depending on where in the body they are located. The biochemical environment
within the cell is in uenced by a number of things:
1. The environment outside the cell
2. Timing in development
3. The overall environment
4. Experience
5. Behavior
Genome —> the set of complete instructions for making an organism. It contains all the genes in
that organism. The human genome makes us human (and the genome for drosophila makes it a
common house y). Most of our traits have genetic roots, which does not mean that we have one
gene for our looks, for our intelligence, or schizofrenie. We have a lot of genes which in
combination can mean high intelligence for example, Genes are not solo players.
A genotype is what makes an organism itself and distinct from another organism with the same
genome. Phenotypes are the overt traits and behaviors of an organism, which is determined by
the genotype × environment.
Each gene is paired with another another gene, the pairs are located at corresponding positions
on pairs of chromosomes.
Allele is one speci c variant of a gene.
ff
fl fifl fi fl ffff ff fi
