Introduction to psychology - Learning - 19 September 2022
Overview:
Non-associative learning
- Learning about a stimulus, such as sight or sound, in the external world
- Habituation: when our behavioral response to a stimulus decreases —> a decrease in
behavioral response.
- Dishabituation: an increase in response due to a momentary change in something familiar
- Sensitization: an increase in behavioral response again, but after continuous exposure (not-
momentarily). It’s a more generalized activity.
Associative learning: classical conditions
- A form of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response when it is associated
with a stimulus that already produces that response.
- Second order conditioning: when a CS is paired with a new stimulus, the new stimulus
produces CR
- Extinction: te association between the cs and cr can be eliminated by repeatedly presenting the
cs alone.
- Spontaneous recovery: if the CS is presented alone it will produce a weak CR.
- Stimulus generalization: the CR can also be elicited by stimuli that are similar to the CS
- But an organism cannot learn any association, biological constraints —> biological
preparedness
- But conditioning requires contiguity (timing) to be just right. Such that learning only occurs
when the CS is presented before the US
Associative learning: operant conditions
- Behavior is governed by its consequences
-
Overview:
Non-associative learning
- Learning about a stimulus, such as sight or sound, in the external world
- Habituation: when our behavioral response to a stimulus decreases —> a decrease in
behavioral response.
- Dishabituation: an increase in response due to a momentary change in something familiar
- Sensitization: an increase in behavioral response again, but after continuous exposure (not-
momentarily). It’s a more generalized activity.
Associative learning: classical conditions
- A form of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response when it is associated
with a stimulus that already produces that response.
- Second order conditioning: when a CS is paired with a new stimulus, the new stimulus
produces CR
- Extinction: te association between the cs and cr can be eliminated by repeatedly presenting the
cs alone.
- Spontaneous recovery: if the CS is presented alone it will produce a weak CR.
- Stimulus generalization: the CR can also be elicited by stimuli that are similar to the CS
- But an organism cannot learn any association, biological constraints —> biological
preparedness
- But conditioning requires contiguity (timing) to be just right. Such that learning only occurs
when the CS is presented before the US
Associative learning: operant conditions
- Behavior is governed by its consequences
-
