Summary BIS
Module 1
Information system: collects, stores, and disseminates information from an organization’s
environment and internal operations to support organizational functions and decision
making, communication, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization. Businesses use
information systems to achieve six major objectives:
1. Operational excellence
2. New products, services, business models
3. Customer/supplier intimacy
4. Improved decision making;
5. Competitive advantage
6. Day-to-day survival.
The use of information systems because of necessity describes the business objective of
survival.
Output transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for
which it will be used.
The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been
accepted by most of a company's members is called its culture.
Entity: real world thing (tangible or intangible) about which information system stores
information.
Attribute: significant piece of data containing values that describe each instance of that
class.
Essentials of information systems
Set of interrelated components that manage information to support an organization in:
• Decision making and control.
• Problem analysis and creation of new products.
Identifier: each entity gets identifier which is unique and remains constant over entity life
time.
Entity type: an abstraction of entities that have same attributes.
1
,Module 2
Business: formal, complex organization producing products or services for a profit.
Synchronous collaboration tools: Instant messaging, videoconferencing, and shared
screens.
Management information systems (MIS): support middle management. Reports condense
information from TPS and are not highly analytical. Summarize and report on the company's
basic operations.
Decision-support systems (DSS): support management decisions that are unique and
rapidly changing, using advanced analytical models and data analysis capabilities.
Executive support systems (ESS): support senior management by providing data that are
often in the form of graphs and charts delivered in portals and dashboards using many
sources of internal and external information.
Business intelligence (BI) systems
Data and software tools for organizing, analyzing and providing access to data for more
informed decisions. Infrastructure for warehousing, integrating, reporting and analysing data.
• Data must be integrated and organised for use by human decision makers.
• BI infrastructure is a powerful database capturing all relevant data to operate
business.
• Analytical toolset are software tools to analyse data and produce reports.
• Managerial users and methods impose order by aligning BI with strategic business
goals and specifications how progress should be measured.
• Delivery platform (MIS, DSS, ESS) for conveying results of BI to employees.
• User interface is the visual representation of data.
Five functionalities:
• Production reports: pre-defined reports on industry specific requirements.
• Parameterized reports: parameters are entered to filter data and isolate impacts of
parameters.
• Dashboards/scorecards: visual tools for presenting performance data.
• Ad hoc query/search/report creation: reports based on queries and searches.
• Drill down: ability to move from high level summary to more detailed view.
Specialization: one class splits into multiple classes.
Generalization: two (or more) subclasses join into a superclass.
Inheritance: subclass inherits all attributes and relationships from its superclass.
Generalization constraints
Disjoint constraint: objects from subclass of a superclass cannot be the object of other
subclasses.
Completeness: each object of the superclass belongs also to one or more of the
subclasses.
Constraints:
1. If a class has several subclasses, they may be disjoint or they may overlap. Default is
overlap unless you say it.
2. If a class has several subclasses, they may form a complete or incomplete partition.
2
, 3. Multiple inheritance is not possible. Loops of generalization arrows are not allowed.
Association class: a classification of associations according to their arity (binary, ternary, n-
ary).
Global E-business and collaboration
E-business: the use of digital technology and internet to execute major business processes.
E-commerce: part of e-business dealing with buying and selling goods over the internet.
E-government: the use of digital technology to enable government relationships.
4 major functions of businesses:
• Manufacturing + production
• Sales + marketing
• Human resources
• Finance + accounting
• Product/service (center)
Organization
Senior management: executive support system (visual)
Middle management: management information systems, decision support systems
Operational management: transaction processing systems
Cross-functional business process: for example fulfilling a customers order.
Enterprise applications: designed to coordinate multiple functions and business
processes. Very expensive and takes a long time to implement, it requires fundamental
changes in business operations, losses are incurred during implementation.
• Enterprise system: integrate the key internal business processes of a firm into a
single software system to improve coordination and decision making.
• Supply chain management system (SCM): help the firm manage its relationship
with suppliers to optimize the planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery of
products and services.
• Customer relation management system (CRM): provide information to coordinate
all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and
service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention. Contains
modules for:
o Partner relationship management (PRM)
o Employee relationship management (ERM)
o Sales force automation (SFR): focusing effort on most profitable customers
o Customer service
o Marketing
• Knowledge management system (KMS): enable firms to optimize the creation,
sharing, and distribution of knowledge. Enables management of processes for
capturing and applying knowledge and expertise.
CRM:
• Operational CRM: includes customer-facing applications such as SFR and customer
service support.
• Analytical CRM: includes applications that analyse customer data generated by
operational CRM.
3
Module 1
Information system: collects, stores, and disseminates information from an organization’s
environment and internal operations to support organizational functions and decision
making, communication, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization. Businesses use
information systems to achieve six major objectives:
1. Operational excellence
2. New products, services, business models
3. Customer/supplier intimacy
4. Improved decision making;
5. Competitive advantage
6. Day-to-day survival.
The use of information systems because of necessity describes the business objective of
survival.
Output transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for
which it will be used.
The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been
accepted by most of a company's members is called its culture.
Entity: real world thing (tangible or intangible) about which information system stores
information.
Attribute: significant piece of data containing values that describe each instance of that
class.
Essentials of information systems
Set of interrelated components that manage information to support an organization in:
• Decision making and control.
• Problem analysis and creation of new products.
Identifier: each entity gets identifier which is unique and remains constant over entity life
time.
Entity type: an abstraction of entities that have same attributes.
1
,Module 2
Business: formal, complex organization producing products or services for a profit.
Synchronous collaboration tools: Instant messaging, videoconferencing, and shared
screens.
Management information systems (MIS): support middle management. Reports condense
information from TPS and are not highly analytical. Summarize and report on the company's
basic operations.
Decision-support systems (DSS): support management decisions that are unique and
rapidly changing, using advanced analytical models and data analysis capabilities.
Executive support systems (ESS): support senior management by providing data that are
often in the form of graphs and charts delivered in portals and dashboards using many
sources of internal and external information.
Business intelligence (BI) systems
Data and software tools for organizing, analyzing and providing access to data for more
informed decisions. Infrastructure for warehousing, integrating, reporting and analysing data.
• Data must be integrated and organised for use by human decision makers.
• BI infrastructure is a powerful database capturing all relevant data to operate
business.
• Analytical toolset are software tools to analyse data and produce reports.
• Managerial users and methods impose order by aligning BI with strategic business
goals and specifications how progress should be measured.
• Delivery platform (MIS, DSS, ESS) for conveying results of BI to employees.
• User interface is the visual representation of data.
Five functionalities:
• Production reports: pre-defined reports on industry specific requirements.
• Parameterized reports: parameters are entered to filter data and isolate impacts of
parameters.
• Dashboards/scorecards: visual tools for presenting performance data.
• Ad hoc query/search/report creation: reports based on queries and searches.
• Drill down: ability to move from high level summary to more detailed view.
Specialization: one class splits into multiple classes.
Generalization: two (or more) subclasses join into a superclass.
Inheritance: subclass inherits all attributes and relationships from its superclass.
Generalization constraints
Disjoint constraint: objects from subclass of a superclass cannot be the object of other
subclasses.
Completeness: each object of the superclass belongs also to one or more of the
subclasses.
Constraints:
1. If a class has several subclasses, they may be disjoint or they may overlap. Default is
overlap unless you say it.
2. If a class has several subclasses, they may form a complete or incomplete partition.
2
, 3. Multiple inheritance is not possible. Loops of generalization arrows are not allowed.
Association class: a classification of associations according to their arity (binary, ternary, n-
ary).
Global E-business and collaboration
E-business: the use of digital technology and internet to execute major business processes.
E-commerce: part of e-business dealing with buying and selling goods over the internet.
E-government: the use of digital technology to enable government relationships.
4 major functions of businesses:
• Manufacturing + production
• Sales + marketing
• Human resources
• Finance + accounting
• Product/service (center)
Organization
Senior management: executive support system (visual)
Middle management: management information systems, decision support systems
Operational management: transaction processing systems
Cross-functional business process: for example fulfilling a customers order.
Enterprise applications: designed to coordinate multiple functions and business
processes. Very expensive and takes a long time to implement, it requires fundamental
changes in business operations, losses are incurred during implementation.
• Enterprise system: integrate the key internal business processes of a firm into a
single software system to improve coordination and decision making.
• Supply chain management system (SCM): help the firm manage its relationship
with suppliers to optimize the planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery of
products and services.
• Customer relation management system (CRM): provide information to coordinate
all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and
service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention. Contains
modules for:
o Partner relationship management (PRM)
o Employee relationship management (ERM)
o Sales force automation (SFR): focusing effort on most profitable customers
o Customer service
o Marketing
• Knowledge management system (KMS): enable firms to optimize the creation,
sharing, and distribution of knowledge. Enables management of processes for
capturing and applying knowledge and expertise.
CRM:
• Operational CRM: includes customer-facing applications such as SFR and customer
service support.
• Analytical CRM: includes applications that analyse customer data generated by
operational CRM.
3
