Psychopharmacology summary (3rd year, minor subject)

Psychopharmacology
Lecture 1.1

Meds classification
 Chemical structure
o Same structure can have different effect
 Working mechanism
o Working mechanism not always known
 Behavioral effects
o Easiest, linked to disorder being treated

Nomenclature
 ATC
o Anatomical therapeutic chemical
o Indication based
o Gold standard
o Can be used for other than primary disorder
o Stigma
 NbN
o Neuroscience based nomenclature
o Pharmacology driven, newer
o Not acknowledged by WHO

Psychotropic drug main classes
 Antipsychotics
o Conventional: haloperidol
o Atypical: risperidone
 Antidepressants
o Tricyclic
o Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
o Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MOI)
 Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety)
o Benzodiazepines: valium
o Non-benzodiazepines
 Mood stabilizers
o Lithium
 Hypnotics

Administration
 Stages
o Absorption  from administration site to the blood
o Distribution
o Metabolism
o Excretion
 Oral
 Parenteral: in the blood, very quick
o Intravenous
o Intramuscular
o Subcutaneously
 Rectal
 Topical
o Skin
o Sublingual
o Buccal (cheek)
 Inhalation



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,Distribution
 Extracellular (blood plasma)
 Intracellular ( water in body cells)
 Speed depends on lipid solubility
o Passive diffusion through membranes following the gradient
o Higher solubility gives faster distribution

Pharmacokinetics
 How does the body process the meds
 Blood circulation takes +/- 1 min to go through entire body

Pharmacodynamics
 Body’s response to the medication




o Distribution half-life: alpha phase
 T0 until 50%
o Elimination half-life: beta phase
 Degradation (liver) and
excretion (kidneys)
 6th half-life

Neurotransmission
Neurons
 Can perform protein synthesis
 Can receive input at dendrite, soma and
axon
 Has subcellular structures and internal
transport
 Integration: signal cascade forwarded to
genome
 Anterograde: soma  axon
o Electric coding: in the cell,
integration of incoming signals
o Signal transduction: electrical signal
over the membrane
o Output: chemical
 Retrograde: axon  soma (always slower)

Receiving signal from axons
 Axodendritic: dendritic spine receives signal
 Axosomatic: some receives signal
 Axoaxonic: axon receives signal
 Active process: energy provided from
mitochondria
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, Pyramidal cells
 Stimulating effect: stimulate motor movement

Chandelier
 Axoaxonic
 Inhibitory: stops pyramidal cells

Spiny cells and Purkinje cells
 Can be stimulating and activating

Interneurons
 Stimulating: sensory  motor

Basket cells and double bouquet cells
 Inhibitory




Cell parts
1. Nucleolus
2. Nucleus
3. Ribosome
4. Vesicle
5. Rough ER
6. Golgi apparatus
7. Cytoskeleton
Smooth ER
9. Mitochondrion
10. Vacuole
11. Cytoplasm
12. Lysosome
13. Centrioles/ Centrosome
14. Membrane

Neuronal transport
 Slow transport: 2mm/day
o Mostly proteins
 Fast transport: 200mm/day




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