Concepts
Week 1 – Hage ch.1
Legal rules: A legal rule, or law, is one which has been officially approved by a state's
legislative body. Legal rules are interpreted by courts who decide cases brought before
them and may impose sanctions upon those who violate these rules.
Statute: a written law passed by a legislative body
Natural law: says that human beings possess intrinsic values that govern our reasoning and
behavior. Natural law maintains that these rules of right and wrong are inherent in people
and are not created by society or court judges (civil law)
Positive law: statutes which have been laid down by a legislature, court, or other human
institution and can take whatever form the authors want (common law)
Legal certainty: a principle in national and international law which holds that
the law must provide those subject to it with the ability to regulate their conduct.
Conduct: behaviour
Tribal law: all laws, resolutions, regulations, ordinances or other form of action by
the Tribal Council, and such regulations and policies as are duly adopted by a department of
the Tribe in accordance with Tribal Law. E.g. law of the Roman people
Customary law: law consisting of customs that are accepted as legal requirements or.
obligatory rules of conduct; practices and beliefs that are so vital and intrinsic a part of a
social and economic system that they are treated as if they were laws.
Customs: habits
Codification: the action or process of arranging laws or rules according to a system or plan
Legal solution (Roman law process)
Preator: a judicial officer who had broad authority in cases of equity, was responsible
for the production of the public games, and, in the absence of consuls, exercised
extensive authority in the government
Iudex: a private person taken from the higher social classes (the qualifications varied
in the course of time), who was appointed to conduct (uitvoeren) the hearing in the
second stage
Corpus iuris civilis: ("Body of Civil Law") is the modern name for a collection of fundamental
works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor
Stare decisis: According to this doctrine, if a court has decided a case in a particular way,
then the same court and the courts that are inferior to it, must give the same decision in
similar future cases. Stare decisis is a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical
cases when making a ruling on a similar case. Stare decisis ensures that cases with similar
scenarios and facts are approached in the same way. Simply put, it binds courts to follow
legal precedents set by previous decisions.
Legal doctrine: a framework, set of rules, procedural steps, or test, often established
through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined
in a given legal case. doctrines are simply rules or principles with such a long history
in the law that lawyers and scholars have given them the more prestigious label of
"doctrine."
Precedents: an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be
considered in subsequent similar circumstances
, Analogy: a comparison between things that have similarfeatures, often used
to help explain a principleor idea
Case-based reasoning: using old experiences to understand and solve new problems.
In case-based reasoning, a reasoner remembers a previous situation similar to the current
one and uses that to solve the new problem
Equity: consists of a body of rules and principles that were developed to mitigate the harsh
results that may, in some cases, arise from the application of common law. This part of the
law is particularly focused on obtaining fair results
Legal remedy: the means with which a court of law, usually in the exercise of civil
law jurisdiction, enforces a right, imposes a penalty, or makes another court order to impose
its will in order to compensate for the harm of a wrongful act inflicted upon an individual.
Penalty: a punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract
Ius commune: general law; European common law
Canon law: the usually codified law governing a church
Ratio scripta: ‘written reason’; the assessment of Roman law commonly held in Europe
during the Medieval period
Legal families: established common groups, identifying similar legal practices, activities and
subject matter and thereby classifying the entirety of global legal transactions and activities
into "families" according to particular criteria
Common law: Common law is a body of unwritten laws based on legal precedents
established by the courts. Common law influences the decision-making process in
unusual cases where the outcome cannot be determined based on existing statutes
or written rules of law
o Case law: law that is based on judicial decisions rather than law based
on constitutions, statutes, or regulations. Case law, also used interchangeably
with common law, refers to the collection of precedents and authority set by
previous judicial decisions on a particular issue or topic.
Civil law: the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a
community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs
Lex mercatoria: Internationally accepted general trade practices.
Transnational law: All the law—national, international, or mixed—
that applies to all persons,businesses, and governments that perform or have influence acros
s statelines.
Week 2 – Hage ch. 2 + 3 (§1-2)
Legal syllogism: a legal concept concerning the law and its application, specifically a form of
argument based on deductive reasoning and seeking to establish whether a specified act is
lawful
Interpretation of rules:
Literal rule/grammatical interpretation: a type of statutory construction, which
dictates that statutes are to be interpreted using the ordinary meaning of the
language of the statute unless a statute explicitly defines some of its terms
otherwise.
Mischief rule/legislative intent: This rule requires the court to look to what the law
was before the statute was passed in order to discover what gap or mischief the
Week 1 – Hage ch.1
Legal rules: A legal rule, or law, is one which has been officially approved by a state's
legislative body. Legal rules are interpreted by courts who decide cases brought before
them and may impose sanctions upon those who violate these rules.
Statute: a written law passed by a legislative body
Natural law: says that human beings possess intrinsic values that govern our reasoning and
behavior. Natural law maintains that these rules of right and wrong are inherent in people
and are not created by society or court judges (civil law)
Positive law: statutes which have been laid down by a legislature, court, or other human
institution and can take whatever form the authors want (common law)
Legal certainty: a principle in national and international law which holds that
the law must provide those subject to it with the ability to regulate their conduct.
Conduct: behaviour
Tribal law: all laws, resolutions, regulations, ordinances or other form of action by
the Tribal Council, and such regulations and policies as are duly adopted by a department of
the Tribe in accordance with Tribal Law. E.g. law of the Roman people
Customary law: law consisting of customs that are accepted as legal requirements or.
obligatory rules of conduct; practices and beliefs that are so vital and intrinsic a part of a
social and economic system that they are treated as if they were laws.
Customs: habits
Codification: the action or process of arranging laws or rules according to a system or plan
Legal solution (Roman law process)
Preator: a judicial officer who had broad authority in cases of equity, was responsible
for the production of the public games, and, in the absence of consuls, exercised
extensive authority in the government
Iudex: a private person taken from the higher social classes (the qualifications varied
in the course of time), who was appointed to conduct (uitvoeren) the hearing in the
second stage
Corpus iuris civilis: ("Body of Civil Law") is the modern name for a collection of fundamental
works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor
Stare decisis: According to this doctrine, if a court has decided a case in a particular way,
then the same court and the courts that are inferior to it, must give the same decision in
similar future cases. Stare decisis is a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical
cases when making a ruling on a similar case. Stare decisis ensures that cases with similar
scenarios and facts are approached in the same way. Simply put, it binds courts to follow
legal precedents set by previous decisions.
Legal doctrine: a framework, set of rules, procedural steps, or test, often established
through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined
in a given legal case. doctrines are simply rules or principles with such a long history
in the law that lawyers and scholars have given them the more prestigious label of
"doctrine."
Precedents: an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be
considered in subsequent similar circumstances
, Analogy: a comparison between things that have similarfeatures, often used
to help explain a principleor idea
Case-based reasoning: using old experiences to understand and solve new problems.
In case-based reasoning, a reasoner remembers a previous situation similar to the current
one and uses that to solve the new problem
Equity: consists of a body of rules and principles that were developed to mitigate the harsh
results that may, in some cases, arise from the application of common law. This part of the
law is particularly focused on obtaining fair results
Legal remedy: the means with which a court of law, usually in the exercise of civil
law jurisdiction, enforces a right, imposes a penalty, or makes another court order to impose
its will in order to compensate for the harm of a wrongful act inflicted upon an individual.
Penalty: a punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract
Ius commune: general law; European common law
Canon law: the usually codified law governing a church
Ratio scripta: ‘written reason’; the assessment of Roman law commonly held in Europe
during the Medieval period
Legal families: established common groups, identifying similar legal practices, activities and
subject matter and thereby classifying the entirety of global legal transactions and activities
into "families" according to particular criteria
Common law: Common law is a body of unwritten laws based on legal precedents
established by the courts. Common law influences the decision-making process in
unusual cases where the outcome cannot be determined based on existing statutes
or written rules of law
o Case law: law that is based on judicial decisions rather than law based
on constitutions, statutes, or regulations. Case law, also used interchangeably
with common law, refers to the collection of precedents and authority set by
previous judicial decisions on a particular issue or topic.
Civil law: the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a
community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs
Lex mercatoria: Internationally accepted general trade practices.
Transnational law: All the law—national, international, or mixed—
that applies to all persons,businesses, and governments that perform or have influence acros
s statelines.
Week 2 – Hage ch. 2 + 3 (§1-2)
Legal syllogism: a legal concept concerning the law and its application, specifically a form of
argument based on deductive reasoning and seeking to establish whether a specified act is
lawful
Interpretation of rules:
Literal rule/grammatical interpretation: a type of statutory construction, which
dictates that statutes are to be interpreted using the ordinary meaning of the
language of the statute unless a statute explicitly defines some of its terms
otherwise.
Mischief rule/legislative intent: This rule requires the court to look to what the law
was before the statute was passed in order to discover what gap or mischief the
