Environmental Quality and Governance
ENP 35806
Lectures – learning material, combined with notes
Wageningen University
Anneli Janzer
,Content
Lecture 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1
Lecture 1 – Risk Society and Reflexive Modernity ............................................................................................ 2
1. Environmental risks .................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 What is a risk? ....................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Simple Modernity ....................................................................................................................................... 2
3. Reflexive Modernity ................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Reflexive modernity and risk .................................................................................................................. 3
4. Reinvention of politics ................................................................................................................................ 4
Lecture 2 – Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity ...................................................................................... 5
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 5
2. Disciplines................................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Interdisciplinary research ........................................................................................................................... 6
4. Problem ( or solution) oriented interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research....................................... 7
5. Transdisciplinary research .......................................................................................................................... 9
5.1 Characteristics and challenges of transdisciplinarity ........................................................................... 10
6. Knowledge integration ............................................................................................................................. 12
6.1 Example Fischnetz in Switzerland (´99-´04) ......................................................................................... 13
Lecture 3 – Understanding Multi-Level Governance ....................................................................................... 15
1. Vertical and horizontal shifts ................................................................................................................... 15
2. Scale discordance ..................................................................................................................................... 16
3. Making sense of the mess: Multilevel Governance (MLG) ....................................................................... 16
4. EU Water Framework Directive................................................................................................................ 18
4.1 Phase 1: 1995-1998 ............................................................................................................................. 18
4.2 Phase 2: 1998-debate begins ............................................................................................................... 18
5. Intersecting scales and levels in European governance ........................................................................... 18
5.1 Phase 3: 1999-2000 .................................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Phase 4: 2000 .............................................................................................................................................. 19
5.3 Phase 5: 2000 .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Lecture 4 – Public and private responses to governing risk ............................................................................ 21
1. Legitimacy ................................................................................................................................................ 21
1.1 What is legitimacy? ............................................................................................................................. 21
1.2 State authority and legitimacy ............................................................................................................ 22
2. Input legitimacy ....................................................................................................................................... 23
3. Output legitimacy .................................................................................................................................... 24
,Tutorial 1........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Discussion Questions...................................................................................................................................... 27
Lecture 5 – Basic principles of eel ecology, ecophysiology and connectivity between river basins and seas... 28
1. General life-cycle of a fish ........................................................................................................................ 28
2. The Sargasso Sea...................................................................................................................................... 29
3. Threats during an eel’s life ....................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 Eel probably uses currents for migration ............................................................................................. 32
3.2 Glass eel are eaten............................................................................................................................... 32
3.3 Glass eel smell symbiotic bacteria of seagrass and other macrophytes .............................................. 32
3.4 Barriers in rivers and sea arms ............................................................................................................ 32
3.5 Toxic compounds ................................................................................................................................. 33
3.6 Natural fresh water eel predators ....................................................................................................... 34
3.7 Eels fishing since ancient times ............................................................................................................ 34
3.8 Hydropower turbines in rivers ............................................................................................................. 34
3.9 Natural migrating eel predators .......................................................................................................... 35
3.10 Swim bladder parasites and viruses .................................................................................................... 35
Lecture 6.1 - Principles of (eco) toxicology and environmental quality ........................................................... 36
1. Persistent organic pollutants POPs .......................................................................................................... 37
2. Characteristic toxic signs of dioxin-like compounds ................................................................................. 39
3. Need to check in the environment ........................................................................................................... 41
Lecture 6.2 - Environmental and food toxicology and sediment contamination ............................................. 44
1. Calculation ............................................................................................................................................... 44
2. Calculation of TEQs (TCDD-equivalents) .................................................................................................. 47
3. When compounds get into organisms ..................................................................................................... 49
Tutorial 2 – Eel and Toxicology ....................................................................................................................... 52
Discussion on eel and toxicology .................................................................................................................... 54
Lecture 7 – Understanding complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity ................................................................ 55
1. Certainty vs Uncertainty........................................................................................................................... 55
2. Types of uncertainty (uncertainty about the why?) ................................................................................. 55
3. Object of uncertainty ............................................................................................................................... 55
3.1 Substantive Uncertainty ...................................................................................................................... 56
3.2 Strategic uncertainty ........................................................................................................................... 57
3.3 Institutional uncertainty ...................................................................................................................... 58
4. Meta intervention strategies ................................................................................................................... 59
Lecture 8 – Risk governance ........................................................................................................................... 60
, 1. Risks ......................................................................................................................................................... 60
1.1 Types of risk ......................................................................................................................................... 60
2. Risk governance ....................................................................................................................................... 61
3. Risk governance framework ..................................................................................................................... 62
3.1 Pre-Assessment .................................................................................................................................... 63
3.2 Risk Appraisal/Assessment .................................................................................................................. 63
3.3 Risk evaluation ..................................................................................................................................... 64
3.4 Risk management ................................................................................................................................ 65
3.5 Risk communication ............................................................................................................................. 66
3.6 Context................................................................................................................................................. 66
ENP 35806
Lectures – learning material, combined with notes
Wageningen University
Anneli Janzer
,Content
Lecture 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1
Lecture 1 – Risk Society and Reflexive Modernity ............................................................................................ 2
1. Environmental risks .................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 What is a risk? ....................................................................................................................................... 2
2. Simple Modernity ....................................................................................................................................... 2
3. Reflexive Modernity ................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Reflexive modernity and risk .................................................................................................................. 3
4. Reinvention of politics ................................................................................................................................ 4
Lecture 2 – Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity ...................................................................................... 5
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 5
2. Disciplines................................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Interdisciplinary research ........................................................................................................................... 6
4. Problem ( or solution) oriented interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research....................................... 7
5. Transdisciplinary research .......................................................................................................................... 9
5.1 Characteristics and challenges of transdisciplinarity ........................................................................... 10
6. Knowledge integration ............................................................................................................................. 12
6.1 Example Fischnetz in Switzerland (´99-´04) ......................................................................................... 13
Lecture 3 – Understanding Multi-Level Governance ....................................................................................... 15
1. Vertical and horizontal shifts ................................................................................................................... 15
2. Scale discordance ..................................................................................................................................... 16
3. Making sense of the mess: Multilevel Governance (MLG) ....................................................................... 16
4. EU Water Framework Directive................................................................................................................ 18
4.1 Phase 1: 1995-1998 ............................................................................................................................. 18
4.2 Phase 2: 1998-debate begins ............................................................................................................... 18
5. Intersecting scales and levels in European governance ........................................................................... 18
5.1 Phase 3: 1999-2000 .................................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Phase 4: 2000 .............................................................................................................................................. 19
5.3 Phase 5: 2000 .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Lecture 4 – Public and private responses to governing risk ............................................................................ 21
1. Legitimacy ................................................................................................................................................ 21
1.1 What is legitimacy? ............................................................................................................................. 21
1.2 State authority and legitimacy ............................................................................................................ 22
2. Input legitimacy ....................................................................................................................................... 23
3. Output legitimacy .................................................................................................................................... 24
,Tutorial 1........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Discussion Questions...................................................................................................................................... 27
Lecture 5 – Basic principles of eel ecology, ecophysiology and connectivity between river basins and seas... 28
1. General life-cycle of a fish ........................................................................................................................ 28
2. The Sargasso Sea...................................................................................................................................... 29
3. Threats during an eel’s life ....................................................................................................................... 31
3.1 Eel probably uses currents for migration ............................................................................................. 32
3.2 Glass eel are eaten............................................................................................................................... 32
3.3 Glass eel smell symbiotic bacteria of seagrass and other macrophytes .............................................. 32
3.4 Barriers in rivers and sea arms ............................................................................................................ 32
3.5 Toxic compounds ................................................................................................................................. 33
3.6 Natural fresh water eel predators ....................................................................................................... 34
3.7 Eels fishing since ancient times ............................................................................................................ 34
3.8 Hydropower turbines in rivers ............................................................................................................. 34
3.9 Natural migrating eel predators .......................................................................................................... 35
3.10 Swim bladder parasites and viruses .................................................................................................... 35
Lecture 6.1 - Principles of (eco) toxicology and environmental quality ........................................................... 36
1. Persistent organic pollutants POPs .......................................................................................................... 37
2. Characteristic toxic signs of dioxin-like compounds ................................................................................. 39
3. Need to check in the environment ........................................................................................................... 41
Lecture 6.2 - Environmental and food toxicology and sediment contamination ............................................. 44
1. Calculation ............................................................................................................................................... 44
2. Calculation of TEQs (TCDD-equivalents) .................................................................................................. 47
3. When compounds get into organisms ..................................................................................................... 49
Tutorial 2 – Eel and Toxicology ....................................................................................................................... 52
Discussion on eel and toxicology .................................................................................................................... 54
Lecture 7 – Understanding complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity ................................................................ 55
1. Certainty vs Uncertainty........................................................................................................................... 55
2. Types of uncertainty (uncertainty about the why?) ................................................................................. 55
3. Object of uncertainty ............................................................................................................................... 55
3.1 Substantive Uncertainty ...................................................................................................................... 56
3.2 Strategic uncertainty ........................................................................................................................... 57
3.3 Institutional uncertainty ...................................................................................................................... 58
4. Meta intervention strategies ................................................................................................................... 59
Lecture 8 – Risk governance ........................................................................................................................... 60
, 1. Risks ......................................................................................................................................................... 60
1.1 Types of risk ......................................................................................................................................... 60
2. Risk governance ....................................................................................................................................... 61
3. Risk governance framework ..................................................................................................................... 62
3.1 Pre-Assessment .................................................................................................................................... 63
3.2 Risk Appraisal/Assessment .................................................................................................................. 63
3.3 Risk evaluation ..................................................................................................................................... 64
3.4 Risk management ................................................................................................................................ 65
3.5 Risk communication ............................................................................................................................. 66
3.6 Context................................................................................................................................................. 66
