NSG 530 Exam 1, 2, 3 & 4 | Advanced Pathophysiology –
Wilkes | 2025 Verified Questions & Answers | PDF
NSG 530 Exam 1:
1. When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the
Rh system, the blood cells are destroyed by:
A. Complement-mediated cell lysis
B. Phagocytosis by macrophages
C. Phagocytosis in the spleen
D. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
Correct Answer: C. Phagocytosis in the spleen
Explanation: In cases of Rh incompatibility, antibodies target Rh-
positive red blood cells, and these cells are typically cleared from
circulation through phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen.
2. When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation,
tissue damage is a result of:
A. Complement-mediated cell lysis
B. Phagocytosis by macrophages
C. Phagocytosis in the spleen
D. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
Correct Answer: D. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
Explanation: Soluble antigens can activate neutrophils, which release
,their granules containing cytotoxic substances. This process can
contribute to tissue injury and inflammation.
3. How are target cells destroyed in a type II hypersensitivity
reaction?
A. Complement-mediated cell lysis
B. Phagocytosis by macrophages
C. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
D. Natural killer cells
Correct Answer: A. Complement-mediated cell lysis
Explanation: Type II hypersensitivity involves antibodies binding to
target cells, which activates the complement system. This can lead
to direct lysis of the cell through membrane attack complexes.
4. Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Modulation
B. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
C. Neutrophil-mediated damage
D. Complement-mediated lysis
Correct Answer: A. Modulation
Explanation: Graves' disease is a type II hypersensitivity reaction
where autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone
receptor, leading to excessive thyroid hormone production and
hyperthyroidism.
,5. Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the
following?
A. Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its
degranulation, followed by the discharge of preformed mediators
B. Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body
fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in the tissues
C. Tc cells or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking and
destroying cellular targets
D. Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface
Correct Answer: B. Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were
released into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited
in the tissues
Explanation: Type III hypersensitivity occurs when immune
complexes formed from antibodies binding to soluble antigens
deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and damage through
complement activation.
6. Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
A. Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
B. Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
C. Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
D. Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Correct Answer: C. Altered immunologic response to an antigen that
results in disease
Explanation: Hypersensitivity is defined as an altered or exaggerated
, immune response to an antigen that results in tissue damage or
disease.
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of type I
hypersensitivity?
A. IgG-mediated
B. IgE-mediated
C. T-cell mediated
D. Immune complex-mediated
Correct Answer: B. IgE-mediated
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and involves
mast cell degranulation and release of histamine.
8. What is the primary mediator of type I hypersensitivity?
A. Histamine
B. Complement
C. IgG
D. T cells
Correct Answer: A. Histamine
Explanation: Histamine is the primary mediator released from mast
cells during type I hypersensitivity reactions.
9. Anaphylaxis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Wilkes | 2025 Verified Questions & Answers | PDF
NSG 530 Exam 1:
1. When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the
Rh system, the blood cells are destroyed by:
A. Complement-mediated cell lysis
B. Phagocytosis by macrophages
C. Phagocytosis in the spleen
D. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
Correct Answer: C. Phagocytosis in the spleen
Explanation: In cases of Rh incompatibility, antibodies target Rh-
positive red blood cells, and these cells are typically cleared from
circulation through phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen.
2. When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation,
tissue damage is a result of:
A. Complement-mediated cell lysis
B. Phagocytosis by macrophages
C. Phagocytosis in the spleen
D. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
Correct Answer: D. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
Explanation: Soluble antigens can activate neutrophils, which release
,their granules containing cytotoxic substances. This process can
contribute to tissue injury and inflammation.
3. How are target cells destroyed in a type II hypersensitivity
reaction?
A. Complement-mediated cell lysis
B. Phagocytosis by macrophages
C. Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
D. Natural killer cells
Correct Answer: A. Complement-mediated cell lysis
Explanation: Type II hypersensitivity involves antibodies binding to
target cells, which activates the complement system. This can lead
to direct lysis of the cell through membrane attack complexes.
4. Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Modulation
B. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
C. Neutrophil-mediated damage
D. Complement-mediated lysis
Correct Answer: A. Modulation
Explanation: Graves' disease is a type II hypersensitivity reaction
where autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone
receptor, leading to excessive thyroid hormone production and
hyperthyroidism.
,5. Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the
following?
A. Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its
degranulation, followed by the discharge of preformed mediators
B. Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body
fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in the tissues
C. Tc cells or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking and
destroying cellular targets
D. Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface
Correct Answer: B. Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were
released into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited
in the tissues
Explanation: Type III hypersensitivity occurs when immune
complexes formed from antibodies binding to soluble antigens
deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and damage through
complement activation.
6. Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
A. Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
B. Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
C. Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
D. Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Correct Answer: C. Altered immunologic response to an antigen that
results in disease
Explanation: Hypersensitivity is defined as an altered or exaggerated
, immune response to an antigen that results in tissue damage or
disease.
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of type I
hypersensitivity?
A. IgG-mediated
B. IgE-mediated
C. T-cell mediated
D. Immune complex-mediated
Correct Answer: B. IgE-mediated
Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and involves
mast cell degranulation and release of histamine.
8. What is the primary mediator of type I hypersensitivity?
A. Histamine
B. Complement
C. IgG
D. T cells
Correct Answer: A. Histamine
Explanation: Histamine is the primary mediator released from mast
cells during type I hypersensitivity reactions.
9. Anaphylaxis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
