WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Questions with Verified Answers (Correct
Update)
Question 1: What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria"
Answer: Single celled, do not have
nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast, multiple shapes (coccus, bacillus, vibrio, etc) found in
pairs, clusters or chains
Question 2: What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant cells"
Answer: Have a nucleus, have
membrane bound organelles, single celled or multicellular, larger than prokaryotes, linear histone
wrapped chromosomes
Question 3: Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Answer: All plants and animal cells (protozoans,
algae, fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the cytoplasm ( mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysomes, and peroxisomes held in place by the
cytoskeleton. Flagella (whip like/flexible) and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in nucleotide, ribosomes, and
cell wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli, fimbriae and capsules
Question 4: Bacteria
Answer: Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell walls have peptidoglycan and
described by shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
Question 5: Protists
Answer: A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
Question 6: Fungi
Answer: Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing nutrients. Not photosynthetic and
has cell wall made of chitin
Question 7: Helminths
Answer: multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
Page 1
,Question 8: Viruses
Answer: Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic material (dna/rna) never both
Question 9: Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic"
Answer: Nucleoid, ribosomes, endospores, plasma membrane,
cell wall, peptidoglycan, flagella, fimbriae, pilli
Question 10: Nucleoid of Bacteria
Answer: central area in a prokaryotic cell that contains genetic information,
not surrounded by a membrane
Question 11: Ribosomes of Bacteria
Answer: site of protein synthesis. 70S composed of two subunits (30S small
and 50S large and are composed of protein and rRNA components
Question 12: Endospores of bacteria
Answer: form around DNA when stressed, protect until conditions are good
Question 13: Plasma membrane in bacteria
Answer: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that defines
the boundary of the cell
Question 14: Cell wall of bacteria
Answer: made of peptidoglycan and help maintain shape and withstand
changes in osmotic pressure
Question 15: Peptidoglycan of bacteria
Answer: is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
Question 16: Flagella of bacteria
Answer: acts as a propeller to move the cell. Stiff, rotating structure.
Page 2
, Question 17: Fimbriae of bacteria
Answer: hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to surfaces
Question 18: Pili of bacteria
Answer: Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA
Question 19: Chemotaxis
Answer: Directional movt from a call in response to chemical attraction
Question 20: Phototaxis
Answer: movement in response to light using flagella
Question 21: Bacterium "runs"
Answer: Movt of bacteria counterclockwise flagellar rotation
Question 22: Bacteria "tumbles"
Answer: Random movt of bacterial cell by clockwise flagellar rotation
Question 23: Vegetative cell
Answer: metabolically active and growing and does not contain endospores.
Sensitive to extreme temps and radiation, gram positive, normal water content
Question 24: Endospores
Answer: A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists
harsh conditions (extreme temps and radiation) does not absorb gram stain. No growth
Question 25: Why is sporulation important for bacteria
Answer: Protects bacteria agaisnt degrading agents,
unfavorable growth and nutrient depletion
Question 26: What are 6 steps of sporulation process
Answer: DNA replicates, membranes form around dna,
forespore forms additional membranes, protective cortex forms around the spore, protein coat
forms around the cortex and spore is released
Page 3
Update)
Question 1: What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria"
Answer: Single celled, do not have
nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast, multiple shapes (coccus, bacillus, vibrio, etc) found in
pairs, clusters or chains
Question 2: What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant cells"
Answer: Have a nucleus, have
membrane bound organelles, single celled or multicellular, larger than prokaryotes, linear histone
wrapped chromosomes
Question 3: Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Answer: All plants and animal cells (protozoans,
algae, fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the cytoplasm ( mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysomes, and peroxisomes held in place by the
cytoskeleton. Flagella (whip like/flexible) and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in nucleotide, ribosomes, and
cell wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli, fimbriae and capsules
Question 4: Bacteria
Answer: Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell walls have peptidoglycan and
described by shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
Question 5: Protists
Answer: A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
Question 6: Fungi
Answer: Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing nutrients. Not photosynthetic and
has cell wall made of chitin
Question 7: Helminths
Answer: multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
Page 1
,Question 8: Viruses
Answer: Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic material (dna/rna) never both
Question 9: Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic"
Answer: Nucleoid, ribosomes, endospores, plasma membrane,
cell wall, peptidoglycan, flagella, fimbriae, pilli
Question 10: Nucleoid of Bacteria
Answer: central area in a prokaryotic cell that contains genetic information,
not surrounded by a membrane
Question 11: Ribosomes of Bacteria
Answer: site of protein synthesis. 70S composed of two subunits (30S small
and 50S large and are composed of protein and rRNA components
Question 12: Endospores of bacteria
Answer: form around DNA when stressed, protect until conditions are good
Question 13: Plasma membrane in bacteria
Answer: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that defines
the boundary of the cell
Question 14: Cell wall of bacteria
Answer: made of peptidoglycan and help maintain shape and withstand
changes in osmotic pressure
Question 15: Peptidoglycan of bacteria
Answer: is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
Question 16: Flagella of bacteria
Answer: acts as a propeller to move the cell. Stiff, rotating structure.
Page 2
, Question 17: Fimbriae of bacteria
Answer: hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to surfaces
Question 18: Pili of bacteria
Answer: Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA
Question 19: Chemotaxis
Answer: Directional movt from a call in response to chemical attraction
Question 20: Phototaxis
Answer: movement in response to light using flagella
Question 21: Bacterium "runs"
Answer: Movt of bacteria counterclockwise flagellar rotation
Question 22: Bacteria "tumbles"
Answer: Random movt of bacterial cell by clockwise flagellar rotation
Question 23: Vegetative cell
Answer: metabolically active and growing and does not contain endospores.
Sensitive to extreme temps and radiation, gram positive, normal water content
Question 24: Endospores
Answer: A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists
harsh conditions (extreme temps and radiation) does not absorb gram stain. No growth
Question 25: Why is sporulation important for bacteria
Answer: Protects bacteria agaisnt degrading agents,
unfavorable growth and nutrient depletion
Question 26: What are 6 steps of sporulation process
Answer: DNA replicates, membranes form around dna,
forespore forms additional membranes, protective cortex forms around the spore, protein coat
forms around the cortex and spore is released
Page 3
