SUMMARY DHI:
EXAM PART 1
Content of Lectures 1 - 4
Q1A 2026-2027 Master Health Sciences
,Open book
During an open book exam, you have full access to most study materials, including:
• Selected chapters of the book “eHealth Research, Theory and Development: A Multi-
Disciplinary Approach (2nd edition);
• the papers included in the study materials;
• PDF versions of the lecture slides.
Digital versions of these materials will be provided for you.
Note that you do not have access to assigned microlectures during the exam.
Additionally, you may bring:
• physical (hardcopy, printed) versions of the material above;
• a summary of study materials that you have made yourself (handwritten or printed)
• a hard copy translation dictionary English to or from your language of choice.
Other materials are not allowed.
Because you have access to most study materials, the open book exam does not test
your ability to recall definitions or reproduce textbook examples. You will therefore not
receive points for repeating the exact same examples included in the book or papers.
Instead, you are tested on your ability to apply the concepts, frameworks, and reasoning
discussed in the study materials and throughout the course to new cases. In each
answer, it is important to clearly demonstrate how your answer relates to the case.
1
,Table of Contents
WEEK 1: Introduction To Digital Health Interventions & Digital Health Equity ................................... 4
1. What counts as a DHI? ........................................................................................................................ 5
2. Benefits of Digital Health..................................................................................................................... 5
3. Limitations of Digital Health ................................................................................................................ 5
4. CeHRes Roadmap (the course's organizing framework) ......................................................................... 6
5. Digital Health Equity — Veinot, Mitchell & Ancker (2018) ........................................................................ 6
6. The Veinot Model — where inequality is generated................................................................................ 7
7. Evaluation must check who benefited .................................................................................................. 9
8. Digital Determinants of Health (Richardson et al., 2022) ........................................................................ 9
9. Applying it all: Drink Less (alcohol-reduction app) ............................................................................... 11
10. Dutch policy gap (Coetzer et al., 2025) + technological determinism ................................................... 11
Exam answer structure (for an unfamiliar DHI) .................................................................................. 11
5-minute memory sheet .................................................................................................................. 12
WEEK 1 ADDITION — Recommended Chapters ....................................................................... 13
1. eHealth is a system, not just a technology .......................................................................................... 13
2. eHealth requires an interdisciplinary approach .................................................................................. 13
3. Technology creates opportunities — but also new risks ....................................................................... 14
4. CeHRes Roadmap — the practical answer to “How should we develop eHealth?” ............................ 14
Formative vs. summative evaluation ................................................................................................ 15
WEEK 2: Co-design of Digital Health Interventions ....................................................................... 17
1. What is codesign?............................................................................................................................. 19
2. Why codesign? ................................................................................................................................. 19
3. The Involvement Matrix — Smits et al. (2020) ...................................................................................... 19
4. Van Velsen et al. (2022): HCD is not automatically sufficient ................................................................ 21
5. Richards et al. (2023): when engagement actively harms people .......................................................... 23
6. The three papers as one chain ........................................................................................................... 24
7. Equity in codesign (links back to Week 1) ............................................................................................ 24
8. When should we NOT codesign? ........................................................................................................ 25
9. Alternatives / complements to HCD ................................................................................................... 25
Exam attack plan ............................................................................................................................ 26
6 things to remember ...................................................................................................................... 26
Week 2 Addition — Recommended Reading............................................................................ 27
1. Contextual Inquiry — Kip et al. (2024) ................................................................................................. 27
2. Human-Centred Design — Dekkers & Burns (2024) .............................................................................. 27
2
, WEEK 3: Theory-based Digital Health Interventions ..................................................................... 29
Week 3 — Theory-Based Digital Health Interventions ................................................................... 31
1. The core idea .................................................................................................................................... 31
2. Behaviour is never changed directly (Metz et al.) ................................................................................. 31
3. BCPs / BCTs — and the distinction that gets tested .............................................................................. 32
4. The Acyclic Behaviour Change Diagram (ABCD) .................................................................................. 34
5. Persuasive design & the PSD framework ............................................................................................. 37
6. Little e vs Big E .................................................................................................................................. 38
7. Valentine et al. (2025) — what you really need .................................................................................... 38
8. Why no clear relationship was found (be critical here) ......................................................................... 39
9. Critically evaluating persuasive design (LO3) ...................................................................................... 40
10. Ethics of persuasion ........................................................................................................................ 40
11. Equity in BCT selection & persuasive design (LO4) ............................................................................. 41
Exam-killing integration pathway ...................................................................................................... 42
Author–concept links ...................................................................................................................... 42
Additional recommended chapters of the book ...................................................................................... 43
WEEK 4: What Should This DHI Do Anyway?................................................................................. 44
Week 4 — What Should This DHI Do Anyway? .............................................................................. 45
1. The problem Week 4 solves ............................................................................................................... 45
2. Need vs Requirement vs Design solution ............................................................................................ 45
3. Types of requirements ...................................................................................................................... 46
4. The two sources of requirements ....................................................................................................... 47
5. Two methods for specifying requirements (lecture cases).................................................................... 48
6. Austin's four strategies — THE most examinable thing this week .......................................................... 52
7. The Drink Less case (this is your Exercise 4 AND a likely exam question) ............................................... 54
8. McClure et al. (2016) — different stakeholders, different priorities ....................................................... 56
9. Equity in requirements (links back to Week 1) ..................................................................................... 58
The whole of Week 4 in one flow ....................................................................................................... 59
Two one-sentence exam answers ..................................................................................................... 59
DHI MOCK EXAM — WRITTEN EXAM 1 .......................................................................................... 61
DHI MOCK EXAM — MODEL ANSWERS ........................................................................................ 64
3
EXAM PART 1
Content of Lectures 1 - 4
Q1A 2026-2027 Master Health Sciences
,Open book
During an open book exam, you have full access to most study materials, including:
• Selected chapters of the book “eHealth Research, Theory and Development: A Multi-
Disciplinary Approach (2nd edition);
• the papers included in the study materials;
• PDF versions of the lecture slides.
Digital versions of these materials will be provided for you.
Note that you do not have access to assigned microlectures during the exam.
Additionally, you may bring:
• physical (hardcopy, printed) versions of the material above;
• a summary of study materials that you have made yourself (handwritten or printed)
• a hard copy translation dictionary English to or from your language of choice.
Other materials are not allowed.
Because you have access to most study materials, the open book exam does not test
your ability to recall definitions or reproduce textbook examples. You will therefore not
receive points for repeating the exact same examples included in the book or papers.
Instead, you are tested on your ability to apply the concepts, frameworks, and reasoning
discussed in the study materials and throughout the course to new cases. In each
answer, it is important to clearly demonstrate how your answer relates to the case.
1
,Table of Contents
WEEK 1: Introduction To Digital Health Interventions & Digital Health Equity ................................... 4
1. What counts as a DHI? ........................................................................................................................ 5
2. Benefits of Digital Health..................................................................................................................... 5
3. Limitations of Digital Health ................................................................................................................ 5
4. CeHRes Roadmap (the course's organizing framework) ......................................................................... 6
5. Digital Health Equity — Veinot, Mitchell & Ancker (2018) ........................................................................ 6
6. The Veinot Model — where inequality is generated................................................................................ 7
7. Evaluation must check who benefited .................................................................................................. 9
8. Digital Determinants of Health (Richardson et al., 2022) ........................................................................ 9
9. Applying it all: Drink Less (alcohol-reduction app) ............................................................................... 11
10. Dutch policy gap (Coetzer et al., 2025) + technological determinism ................................................... 11
Exam answer structure (for an unfamiliar DHI) .................................................................................. 11
5-minute memory sheet .................................................................................................................. 12
WEEK 1 ADDITION — Recommended Chapters ....................................................................... 13
1. eHealth is a system, not just a technology .......................................................................................... 13
2. eHealth requires an interdisciplinary approach .................................................................................. 13
3. Technology creates opportunities — but also new risks ....................................................................... 14
4. CeHRes Roadmap — the practical answer to “How should we develop eHealth?” ............................ 14
Formative vs. summative evaluation ................................................................................................ 15
WEEK 2: Co-design of Digital Health Interventions ....................................................................... 17
1. What is codesign?............................................................................................................................. 19
2. Why codesign? ................................................................................................................................. 19
3. The Involvement Matrix — Smits et al. (2020) ...................................................................................... 19
4. Van Velsen et al. (2022): HCD is not automatically sufficient ................................................................ 21
5. Richards et al. (2023): when engagement actively harms people .......................................................... 23
6. The three papers as one chain ........................................................................................................... 24
7. Equity in codesign (links back to Week 1) ............................................................................................ 24
8. When should we NOT codesign? ........................................................................................................ 25
9. Alternatives / complements to HCD ................................................................................................... 25
Exam attack plan ............................................................................................................................ 26
6 things to remember ...................................................................................................................... 26
Week 2 Addition — Recommended Reading............................................................................ 27
1. Contextual Inquiry — Kip et al. (2024) ................................................................................................. 27
2. Human-Centred Design — Dekkers & Burns (2024) .............................................................................. 27
2
, WEEK 3: Theory-based Digital Health Interventions ..................................................................... 29
Week 3 — Theory-Based Digital Health Interventions ................................................................... 31
1. The core idea .................................................................................................................................... 31
2. Behaviour is never changed directly (Metz et al.) ................................................................................. 31
3. BCPs / BCTs — and the distinction that gets tested .............................................................................. 32
4. The Acyclic Behaviour Change Diagram (ABCD) .................................................................................. 34
5. Persuasive design & the PSD framework ............................................................................................. 37
6. Little e vs Big E .................................................................................................................................. 38
7. Valentine et al. (2025) — what you really need .................................................................................... 38
8. Why no clear relationship was found (be critical here) ......................................................................... 39
9. Critically evaluating persuasive design (LO3) ...................................................................................... 40
10. Ethics of persuasion ........................................................................................................................ 40
11. Equity in BCT selection & persuasive design (LO4) ............................................................................. 41
Exam-killing integration pathway ...................................................................................................... 42
Author–concept links ...................................................................................................................... 42
Additional recommended chapters of the book ...................................................................................... 43
WEEK 4: What Should This DHI Do Anyway?................................................................................. 44
Week 4 — What Should This DHI Do Anyway? .............................................................................. 45
1. The problem Week 4 solves ............................................................................................................... 45
2. Need vs Requirement vs Design solution ............................................................................................ 45
3. Types of requirements ...................................................................................................................... 46
4. The two sources of requirements ....................................................................................................... 47
5. Two methods for specifying requirements (lecture cases).................................................................... 48
6. Austin's four strategies — THE most examinable thing this week .......................................................... 52
7. The Drink Less case (this is your Exercise 4 AND a likely exam question) ............................................... 54
8. McClure et al. (2016) — different stakeholders, different priorities ....................................................... 56
9. Equity in requirements (links back to Week 1) ..................................................................................... 58
The whole of Week 4 in one flow ....................................................................................................... 59
Two one-sentence exam answers ..................................................................................................... 59
DHI MOCK EXAM — WRITTEN EXAM 1 .......................................................................................... 61
DHI MOCK EXAM — MODEL ANSWERS ........................................................................................ 64
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