Problem 1 body and behavior
Problems explanations
1. Phineas Gage (Frontal Lobe Damage)
A metal rod went through his frontal lobes (especially the
ventromedial area).
Afterward, his personality changed completely — he became rude,
irresponsible, and impulsive.
➤ This shows that the frontal lobes control personality, emotion,
decision-making, and social behavior.
2. German Lieutenant (Temporal/Occipital Damage – Face Recognition and
Language)
Injured at the back of the head; afterward, he could not recognize
faces → prosopagnosia.
o Caused by damage to the fusiform gyrus (in the temporal
lobe).
Later, his speech became fluent but nonsensical (“It’s gotta be car
yes”) → Wernicke’s aphasia.
o Caused by damage to Wernicke’s area in the left temporal
lobe.
➤ The temporal lobe is key for face recognition and understanding
language.
3. French Patient (“Tan tan tan”) – Broca’s Aphasia
Could only say “Tan tan tan,” even though he understood questions.
Damage to Broca’s area in the left frontal lobe.
➤ The frontal lobe (Broca’s area) controls speech production.
4. Parietal Lobe Lesions (Spatial Awareness and Movement)
Damage to the posterior/superior parietal lobe caused problems with
reaching or grasping objects, especially on the opposite side of the
body.
These people can see and recognize objects but can’t coordinate
movement toward them → optic ataxia.
➤ The parietal lobe integrates vision, space, and movement.
Problems explanations
1. Phineas Gage (Frontal Lobe Damage)
A metal rod went through his frontal lobes (especially the
ventromedial area).
Afterward, his personality changed completely — he became rude,
irresponsible, and impulsive.
➤ This shows that the frontal lobes control personality, emotion,
decision-making, and social behavior.
2. German Lieutenant (Temporal/Occipital Damage – Face Recognition and
Language)
Injured at the back of the head; afterward, he could not recognize
faces → prosopagnosia.
o Caused by damage to the fusiform gyrus (in the temporal
lobe).
Later, his speech became fluent but nonsensical (“It’s gotta be car
yes”) → Wernicke’s aphasia.
o Caused by damage to Wernicke’s area in the left temporal
lobe.
➤ The temporal lobe is key for face recognition and understanding
language.
3. French Patient (“Tan tan tan”) – Broca’s Aphasia
Could only say “Tan tan tan,” even though he understood questions.
Damage to Broca’s area in the left frontal lobe.
➤ The frontal lobe (Broca’s area) controls speech production.
4. Parietal Lobe Lesions (Spatial Awareness and Movement)
Damage to the posterior/superior parietal lobe caused problems with
reaching or grasping objects, especially on the opposite side of the
body.
These people can see and recognize objects but can’t coordinate
movement toward them → optic ataxia.
➤ The parietal lobe integrates vision, space, and movement.
