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NR507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - ANSWER-Type 1: Allergic reaction,
Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
Local symptoms:
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms:
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - ANSWER-Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction;
tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
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Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid
function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that
occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused
erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-
mediated lysis.
Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity -
ANSWER-Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface
that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the
complex is then deposited in the tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples - ANSWER-Rheumatoid
arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
, 3 | Page
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to
autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause
tissue damage
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - ANSWER-Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2
and 3
Is T-cell mediated
Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4
Reaction: - ANSWER-Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity
reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually characterized
by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of
lesions only at the site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be
poison ivy
NR507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - ANSWER-Type 1: Allergic reaction,
Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
Local symptoms:
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms:
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - ANSWER-Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction;
tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
,2 | Page
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid
function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that
occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused
erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-
mediated lysis.
Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity -
ANSWER-Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface
that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the
complex is then deposited in the tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples - ANSWER-Rheumatoid
arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
, 3 | Page
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to
autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause
tissue damage
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - ANSWER-Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2
and 3
Is T-cell mediated
Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4
Reaction: - ANSWER-Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity
reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually characterized
by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of
lesions only at the site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be
poison ivy
