NR283 Pathophysiology Exam 2 Chamberlain
1. A patient's lab results show hemoglobin 9.0 g/dL, hematocrit 28%, and mean
corpuscular volume (MCV) 78 fL. These findings are most consistent with which
type of anemia?
A. Pernicious anemia
B. Aplastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Sickle cell anemia
Answer: C
Rationale: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit with low MCV indicate microcytic
hypochromic anemia. Iron deficiency is the most common cause. Pernicious anemia
causes macrocytic cells.
2. Which type of leukemia is most common in young children?
A. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
B. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Answer: B
Rationale: ALL is the most common leukemia in children. AML is the most common
acute leukemia in adults. CLL is a chronic adult leukemia.
3. A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with a leukemia that has a slow, progressive
course and may not require immediate treatment. Which type is most likely?
A. Acute lymphocytic leukemia
B. Acute myelogenous leukemia
C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Answer: C
Rationale: CLL is the most common chronic leukemia in adults. It progresses slowly,
and patients may remain asymptomatic for years before needing treatment.
4. A patient with iron deficiency anemia is likely to exhibit which physical finding?
A. Spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia)
, B. Ataxia and paresthesias
C. Flushed, red skin
D. Jaundice
Answer: A
Rationale: Spoon-shaped nails are classic for iron deficiency anemia. Ataxia and
paresthesias are associated with pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency).
5. Which sequence correctly describes the process of hemostasis?
A. Platelet plug → vasoconstriction → fibrin clot → coagulation cascade
B. Vasoconstriction → platelet plug → coagulation cascade → fibrin clot
C. Coagulation cascade → vasoconstriction → platelet plug → fibrin clot
D. Fibrin clot → platelet plug → vasoconstriction → coagulation cascade
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemostasis begins with vasoconstriction, then platelet plug formation,
activation of coagulation cascade, and finally formation of a stable fibrin clot.
6. Petechiae and purpura are most commonly associated with which disorder?
A. Polycythemia
B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Pernicious anemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Petechiae (tiny red spots) and purpura (bruising) indicate bleeding tendency
due to low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).
7. Cardiac output is calculated as:
A. Heart rate × blood pressure
B. Heart rate × stroke volume
C. Stroke volume × blood pressure
D. Heart rate × peripheral resistance
Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac output = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume. It measures the volume of
blood pumped by each ventricle per minute.
1. A patient's lab results show hemoglobin 9.0 g/dL, hematocrit 28%, and mean
corpuscular volume (MCV) 78 fL. These findings are most consistent with which
type of anemia?
A. Pernicious anemia
B. Aplastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Sickle cell anemia
Answer: C
Rationale: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit with low MCV indicate microcytic
hypochromic anemia. Iron deficiency is the most common cause. Pernicious anemia
causes macrocytic cells.
2. Which type of leukemia is most common in young children?
A. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
B. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Answer: B
Rationale: ALL is the most common leukemia in children. AML is the most common
acute leukemia in adults. CLL is a chronic adult leukemia.
3. A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with a leukemia that has a slow, progressive
course and may not require immediate treatment. Which type is most likely?
A. Acute lymphocytic leukemia
B. Acute myelogenous leukemia
C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Answer: C
Rationale: CLL is the most common chronic leukemia in adults. It progresses slowly,
and patients may remain asymptomatic for years before needing treatment.
4. A patient with iron deficiency anemia is likely to exhibit which physical finding?
A. Spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia)
, B. Ataxia and paresthesias
C. Flushed, red skin
D. Jaundice
Answer: A
Rationale: Spoon-shaped nails are classic for iron deficiency anemia. Ataxia and
paresthesias are associated with pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency).
5. Which sequence correctly describes the process of hemostasis?
A. Platelet plug → vasoconstriction → fibrin clot → coagulation cascade
B. Vasoconstriction → platelet plug → coagulation cascade → fibrin clot
C. Coagulation cascade → vasoconstriction → platelet plug → fibrin clot
D. Fibrin clot → platelet plug → vasoconstriction → coagulation cascade
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemostasis begins with vasoconstriction, then platelet plug formation,
activation of coagulation cascade, and finally formation of a stable fibrin clot.
6. Petechiae and purpura are most commonly associated with which disorder?
A. Polycythemia
B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Pernicious anemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Petechiae (tiny red spots) and purpura (bruising) indicate bleeding tendency
due to low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).
7. Cardiac output is calculated as:
A. Heart rate × blood pressure
B. Heart rate × stroke volume
C. Stroke volume × blood pressure
D. Heart rate × peripheral resistance
Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac output = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume. It measures the volume of
blood pumped by each ventricle per minute.
