BSC 114 TEST PAPER ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET
A+
✔✔polar covalent bond - ✔✔In a ____ _____ ____ , one atom is more electronegative,
and the atoms do not share valence electrons equally.
✔✔partial positive or partial negative - ✔✔Unequal sharing of electrons causes a
___________________ charge for each atom or molecule.
✔✔polar molecule - ✔✔Water (H2O) is an example of a
✔✔Ionic bonds - ✔✔involve loss and gain of electrons; the more electronegative atom
actually strips a valence electron completely away from its partner.
✔✔Common Ionic Bond - ✔✔Sodium Chloride NaCl
✔✔charges - ✔✔After the transfer of an electron, both atoms have
✔✔ion - ✔✔A charged atom (or molecule) is called an
✔✔cation - ✔✔positively charged ion
✔✔anion - ✔✔negatively charged ion
✔✔anion and a cation - ✔✔An ionic bond is an attraction between an
✔✔ionic compounds, or salts. - ✔✔Compounds formed by ionic bonds are called
✔✔hydrogen bond - ✔✔A ___ ___ is a weak but, in biology, critically important type of
bond formed between a hydrogen atom in a polar compound and an electronegative
atom in a second polar compound.
, ✔✔oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N) atoms - ✔✔In living cells, the electronegative partners
are usually
✔✔Van der Waals interactions - ✔✔weak electrostatic attractions between molecules
resulting from transient (short-lived), slight shifting of charges created by the constant
movement of electrons.
✔✔surface - ✔✔Vander Waals interactions Dependent on how much ____ one
molecule exposes to its neighbors.
✔✔covalent bond - ✔✔In a ___ ___, the s and p orbitals may hybridize, creating
specific molecular shapes.
✔✔recognize and respond - ✔✔Molecular shape is crucial in biology because it
determines how biological molecules specifically ___ and ____ to one another.
✔✔biochemical reactions - ✔✔Chemical reactions involving biological molecules are
referred to as
✔✔Biochemistry - ✔✔study of the chemical processes in living organisms
✔✔completion - ✔✔Some chemical reactions go to ____ (all reactants are converted to
products).
✔✔reversible - ✔✔In theory, all chemical reactions are ____
✔✔Chemical equilibrium - ✔✔___ ____ is reached when the forward and reverse
reaction rates are equal.
✔✔Wilson's Disease - ✔✔Disorder caused by a defective copper-binding protein
found primarily in the liver. Leads to excess copper circulating through the bloodstream
✔✔Treatment for Wilson's Disease - ✔✔With lifelong use of chelating agents that help
remove copper from tissues.
✔✔highly polar - ✔✔The structure of a water molecule is ____ ____because oxygen
atoms have much higher electronegativity than hydrogen atoms.
✔✔oxygen - ✔✔In a water molecule, the electrons of its polar covalent bonds spend
more time near the ____ atom than the hydrogen atoms.
✔✔polar molecule - ✔✔This property makes water a __ ___ with regard to distribution
of its overall charge:
A+
✔✔polar covalent bond - ✔✔In a ____ _____ ____ , one atom is more electronegative,
and the atoms do not share valence electrons equally.
✔✔partial positive or partial negative - ✔✔Unequal sharing of electrons causes a
___________________ charge for each atom or molecule.
✔✔polar molecule - ✔✔Water (H2O) is an example of a
✔✔Ionic bonds - ✔✔involve loss and gain of electrons; the more electronegative atom
actually strips a valence electron completely away from its partner.
✔✔Common Ionic Bond - ✔✔Sodium Chloride NaCl
✔✔charges - ✔✔After the transfer of an electron, both atoms have
✔✔ion - ✔✔A charged atom (or molecule) is called an
✔✔cation - ✔✔positively charged ion
✔✔anion - ✔✔negatively charged ion
✔✔anion and a cation - ✔✔An ionic bond is an attraction between an
✔✔ionic compounds, or salts. - ✔✔Compounds formed by ionic bonds are called
✔✔hydrogen bond - ✔✔A ___ ___ is a weak but, in biology, critically important type of
bond formed between a hydrogen atom in a polar compound and an electronegative
atom in a second polar compound.
, ✔✔oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N) atoms - ✔✔In living cells, the electronegative partners
are usually
✔✔Van der Waals interactions - ✔✔weak electrostatic attractions between molecules
resulting from transient (short-lived), slight shifting of charges created by the constant
movement of electrons.
✔✔surface - ✔✔Vander Waals interactions Dependent on how much ____ one
molecule exposes to its neighbors.
✔✔covalent bond - ✔✔In a ___ ___, the s and p orbitals may hybridize, creating
specific molecular shapes.
✔✔recognize and respond - ✔✔Molecular shape is crucial in biology because it
determines how biological molecules specifically ___ and ____ to one another.
✔✔biochemical reactions - ✔✔Chemical reactions involving biological molecules are
referred to as
✔✔Biochemistry - ✔✔study of the chemical processes in living organisms
✔✔completion - ✔✔Some chemical reactions go to ____ (all reactants are converted to
products).
✔✔reversible - ✔✔In theory, all chemical reactions are ____
✔✔Chemical equilibrium - ✔✔___ ____ is reached when the forward and reverse
reaction rates are equal.
✔✔Wilson's Disease - ✔✔Disorder caused by a defective copper-binding protein
found primarily in the liver. Leads to excess copper circulating through the bloodstream
✔✔Treatment for Wilson's Disease - ✔✔With lifelong use of chelating agents that help
remove copper from tissues.
✔✔highly polar - ✔✔The structure of a water molecule is ____ ____because oxygen
atoms have much higher electronegativity than hydrogen atoms.
✔✔oxygen - ✔✔In a water molecule, the electrons of its polar covalent bonds spend
more time near the ____ atom than the hydrogen atoms.
✔✔polar molecule - ✔✔This property makes water a __ ___ with regard to distribution
of its overall charge:
