Med-Surg Jersey College Exam 2
Questions And Answers
angina could be triggered by ?
eating a heavy meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood availability to the myocardium
locations of chest pain?
typically felt behind the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw, shoulders, and along the
inner aspect of the left arm.
what is the classic finding of angina?
it is relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
Pt. education for nitroglycerin?
1. keep in a dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be?
weak, thready pulse
signs of hypokalemia?
,muscle weakness
fatigue
muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
metabolic syndrome increases the risk of?
heart disease
spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could?
potentiate fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( if given with potassium supplements,
hyperkalemia can occur)
how do bet-blockers work? end in –olol
decreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask the signs of hypoglycemia or worsen
asthma because of bronchoconstriction
why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications abruptly?
increase risk for rebound hypertension
ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the risk of?
Hyperkalemia
ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in –pril
stop angiotensin 1 from converting to angiotensin 2 (powerful vasoconstrictor) thereby
lowering total peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
,How to take a proper blood pressure reading?
instruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30 mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
the target organs affected by long standing hypertension?
retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
decrease in output could cause what?
decrease in tissue perfusion which results in organ failure
Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the balloon.
Why?
to restore the blood flow through the pulmonary artery
Straining with bowel movements is not good because?
it triggers the valsalva maneuver which increases intrathoracic pressure decreasing the
venous blood flow to the heart and results in decrease cardiac output.
change patients position slowly to prebent?
orthostatic hypotension
Low central venous pressure levels could suggests?
, could suggest dehydration or overdiuresis
increase central venous pressure could suggest?
heart failure
increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what?
measurement of the volume of blood that returned to the right side of the heart (2-6 mm
Hg)
Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where?
in ICU and allows for direct cardiac monitoring
homocysteine
damage the endothelial lining of the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and peripheral artery
disease
the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about the heart?
direction of blood flow
heart shape and size
ventricular function
ejection fraction
the purpose of a cardiac stress test?
to determine the hearts ability to respond to increase oxygen demand
Questions And Answers
angina could be triggered by ?
eating a heavy meal
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases blood availability to the myocardium
locations of chest pain?
typically felt behind the sternum and may radiate to:neck, jaw, shoulders, and along the
inner aspect of the left arm.
what is the classic finding of angina?
it is relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
Pt. education for nitroglycerin?
1. keep in a dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac output, expect the pulse to be?
weak, thready pulse
signs of hypokalemia?
,muscle weakness
fatigue
muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
metabolic syndrome increases the risk of?
heart disease
spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that could?
potentiate fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( if given with potassium supplements,
hyperkalemia can occur)
how do bet-blockers work? end in –olol
decreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask the signs of hypoglycemia or worsen
asthma because of bronchoconstriction
why should you avoid discontinuing anti-hypertensives medications abruptly?
increase risk for rebound hypertension
ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the risk of?
Hyperkalemia
ACE inhibitors, how do they work? ends in –pril
stop angiotensin 1 from converting to angiotensin 2 (powerful vasoconstrictor) thereby
lowering total peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
,How to take a proper blood pressure reading?
instruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30 mins
support arm at heart level
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
the target organs affected by long standing hypertension?
retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
decrease in output could cause what?
decrease in tissue perfusion which results in organ failure
Following a pulmonary artery pressure reading you should deflate the balloon.
Why?
to restore the blood flow through the pulmonary artery
Straining with bowel movements is not good because?
it triggers the valsalva maneuver which increases intrathoracic pressure decreasing the
venous blood flow to the heart and results in decrease cardiac output.
change patients position slowly to prebent?
orthostatic hypotension
Low central venous pressure levels could suggests?
, could suggest dehydration or overdiuresis
increase central venous pressure could suggest?
heart failure
increase central venous pressure provides a measurement of what?
measurement of the volume of blood that returned to the right side of the heart (2-6 mm
Hg)
Hemodynamic monitoring is performed where?
in ICU and allows for direct cardiac monitoring
homocysteine
damage the endothelial lining of the arteries
increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to stroke, CAD, and peripheral artery
disease
the radiology procedure ECHOCARDIOGRAM shows what about the heart?
direction of blood flow
heart shape and size
ventricular function
ejection fraction
the purpose of a cardiac stress test?
to determine the hearts ability to respond to increase oxygen demand
