Samenvatting - InfoSkilles TiU
Als onderdeel van Academic Competences Marketing
,Module A: Understanding information
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
• Differentiate between popular, professional, and scholarly sources.
• Describe the characteristics of a scholarly source.
• Explain what a traditionally published source is.
• Describe the typical structure of a scholarly article.
• Explain the purpose and process of peer review.
• Define citation and explain its importance in academic writing.
• Identify and evaluate grey literature and explain its value in research.
• Evaluate the credibility of sources using the CRAAP test
(Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose).
Information sources
Information sources are created with specific audiences in mind. Depending on who they’re
intended for, sources can generally be divided into three main categories:
1. Popular sources
... are intended for a general audience without specialized knowledge of the subject.
2. Professional or trade sources
... are authored by and aimed at professionals or practitioners within a specific field or
industry, such as medical doctors or business executives.
3. Scholarly or academic sources
... are authored by experts in a specific field and intended to inform other researchers
about the latest research developments and theories within that field.
Traditional publishing
Traditional publishing refers to the process where authors work with established publishers to
produce and distribute books, journals, magazines, or newspapers. These materials generally go
through a structured process involving editing, design, and quality checks, which helps ensure
,they are reliable and authoritative – though some newspapers and magazines lack journalistic
integrity and may not meet these standards. Let's take a closer look.
1. Books, focusing on different audiences:
• Popular books
• Professional / Trade books
• Scholarly books
2. Periodicals are publications that are published regularly (daily, weekly, monthly, or
quarterly), again focusing on different audiences:
Popular periodicals
- Newspapers, usually based in a specific city, provide coverage of local events, along with
national and international news. Established newspapers (such as The New York
Times, The Guardian, or Financial Times) typically have rigorous editorial processes.
They employ trained journalists, editors, and fact-checkers to ensure that stories are
accurate and well-sourced. Besides their other functions, high-quality newspapers cover
research topics without going into specialized details. Tabloids such a The National
Enquirer or The Sun, on the other hand, mainly focus on entertainment, gossip, or
sensational stories, often with little regard for facts or journalistic standards.
- Magazines may feature news articles comparable to those in newspapers, such as The
New Yorker, while others focus on specialized fields such as business and economics,
including Forbes, The Economist, and Fortune, or ecology and sustainability, such
as Environment, providing in-depth analysis and commentary in these areas. Many
widely read magazines are devoted to celebrity culture, including titles
like People and Entertainment Weekly. Additionally, renowned magazines such
as Vogue and Cosmopolitan focus on fashion and the latest life style trends. Low-quality
magazines prioritize entertainment and gossip – frequently at the expense of factual
accuracy and journalistic integrity.
Professional / Trade periodicals
- These publications, often called journals or magazines, offer content aimed at
professionals in specific fields or industries, such as Law Practice
Magazine and Advertising Age.
Scholarly periodicals
- These are typically called journals, with only a few exceptions (such as the reputable
scientific magazines Nature and Science). Psychological Bulletin, European Economic
Review, Journal of the History of Ideas, and Modern Theology are examples of scholarly
journals.
, Characteristics of scholarly sources
Throughout your studies, you’ll often need to find and use scholarly sources for your writing
assignments. Knowing how to identify them is essential for producing strong, high-quality work.
When you search, look for these key features:
1- Author(s)
Scholarly sources are written by experts in the subject. They include the authors’ names
along with their qualifications, degrees, and the universities or research institutions
they're affiliated with.
2- Language
Specialized terminology specific to the field is used, and the writing style is formal and
precise. Because of this, scholarly sources can be tough to fully understand if you’re not
familiar with the subject.
3- Citation
Citation is the practice of acknowledging the original sources of information, ideas, or
evidence that an author uses to support their arguments.
Citation sources: is the check of your sources before your research
- Name in text
- More info in bibliography
- TU uses APA
Scholary sources: Journals
Article types published by scholarly journals
- Theoretical articles are articles explore ideas and concepts, often proposing new
theories, challenging existing ones, or building on current knowledge to offer fresh
perspectives.
- Research articles, also referred to as original articles, present the findings of new,
original studies conducted by the authors and contribute directly to the advancement of
knowledge in a specific field. Original articles are highly valued in disciplines such as the
sciences, economics, and social sciences. They usually provide a detailed account of
the research methods used and explain the significance of the results.
- Review articles, or simply "reviews," summarize the current knowledge on a specific
research topic. They are especially helpful for quickly gaining a comprehensive
understanding of a subject, especially when they cover recent developments.
- Case studies are detailed, in-depth analyses of a single subject – such as a person,
group, event, or situation – used to explore specific issues within a real-life context. They
are commonly used in disciplines like medicine, psychology, business, law, and
education to gain insights into complex phenomena. Rather than aiming for broad
generalizations, case studies help illustrate how and why something happens in a
particular instance.
- Book reviews are concise articles offering insight and opinion on recently published
scholarly books (monographs). Although written by scholars, these reviews are not
considered scholarly sources themselves, but they can help identify books that are.
Structure of scholarly articles
Scholarly articles typically include the following components:
• Article title
• Abstract (a brief summary highlighting the main points discussed in the article)
• Introduction or literature review
• Article text/body
Als onderdeel van Academic Competences Marketing
,Module A: Understanding information
By the end of this module, you will be able to:
• Differentiate between popular, professional, and scholarly sources.
• Describe the characteristics of a scholarly source.
• Explain what a traditionally published source is.
• Describe the typical structure of a scholarly article.
• Explain the purpose and process of peer review.
• Define citation and explain its importance in academic writing.
• Identify and evaluate grey literature and explain its value in research.
• Evaluate the credibility of sources using the CRAAP test
(Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose).
Information sources
Information sources are created with specific audiences in mind. Depending on who they’re
intended for, sources can generally be divided into three main categories:
1. Popular sources
... are intended for a general audience without specialized knowledge of the subject.
2. Professional or trade sources
... are authored by and aimed at professionals or practitioners within a specific field or
industry, such as medical doctors or business executives.
3. Scholarly or academic sources
... are authored by experts in a specific field and intended to inform other researchers
about the latest research developments and theories within that field.
Traditional publishing
Traditional publishing refers to the process where authors work with established publishers to
produce and distribute books, journals, magazines, or newspapers. These materials generally go
through a structured process involving editing, design, and quality checks, which helps ensure
,they are reliable and authoritative – though some newspapers and magazines lack journalistic
integrity and may not meet these standards. Let's take a closer look.
1. Books, focusing on different audiences:
• Popular books
• Professional / Trade books
• Scholarly books
2. Periodicals are publications that are published regularly (daily, weekly, monthly, or
quarterly), again focusing on different audiences:
Popular periodicals
- Newspapers, usually based in a specific city, provide coverage of local events, along with
national and international news. Established newspapers (such as The New York
Times, The Guardian, or Financial Times) typically have rigorous editorial processes.
They employ trained journalists, editors, and fact-checkers to ensure that stories are
accurate and well-sourced. Besides their other functions, high-quality newspapers cover
research topics without going into specialized details. Tabloids such a The National
Enquirer or The Sun, on the other hand, mainly focus on entertainment, gossip, or
sensational stories, often with little regard for facts or journalistic standards.
- Magazines may feature news articles comparable to those in newspapers, such as The
New Yorker, while others focus on specialized fields such as business and economics,
including Forbes, The Economist, and Fortune, or ecology and sustainability, such
as Environment, providing in-depth analysis and commentary in these areas. Many
widely read magazines are devoted to celebrity culture, including titles
like People and Entertainment Weekly. Additionally, renowned magazines such
as Vogue and Cosmopolitan focus on fashion and the latest life style trends. Low-quality
magazines prioritize entertainment and gossip – frequently at the expense of factual
accuracy and journalistic integrity.
Professional / Trade periodicals
- These publications, often called journals or magazines, offer content aimed at
professionals in specific fields or industries, such as Law Practice
Magazine and Advertising Age.
Scholarly periodicals
- These are typically called journals, with only a few exceptions (such as the reputable
scientific magazines Nature and Science). Psychological Bulletin, European Economic
Review, Journal of the History of Ideas, and Modern Theology are examples of scholarly
journals.
, Characteristics of scholarly sources
Throughout your studies, you’ll often need to find and use scholarly sources for your writing
assignments. Knowing how to identify them is essential for producing strong, high-quality work.
When you search, look for these key features:
1- Author(s)
Scholarly sources are written by experts in the subject. They include the authors’ names
along with their qualifications, degrees, and the universities or research institutions
they're affiliated with.
2- Language
Specialized terminology specific to the field is used, and the writing style is formal and
precise. Because of this, scholarly sources can be tough to fully understand if you’re not
familiar with the subject.
3- Citation
Citation is the practice of acknowledging the original sources of information, ideas, or
evidence that an author uses to support their arguments.
Citation sources: is the check of your sources before your research
- Name in text
- More info in bibliography
- TU uses APA
Scholary sources: Journals
Article types published by scholarly journals
- Theoretical articles are articles explore ideas and concepts, often proposing new
theories, challenging existing ones, or building on current knowledge to offer fresh
perspectives.
- Research articles, also referred to as original articles, present the findings of new,
original studies conducted by the authors and contribute directly to the advancement of
knowledge in a specific field. Original articles are highly valued in disciplines such as the
sciences, economics, and social sciences. They usually provide a detailed account of
the research methods used and explain the significance of the results.
- Review articles, or simply "reviews," summarize the current knowledge on a specific
research topic. They are especially helpful for quickly gaining a comprehensive
understanding of a subject, especially when they cover recent developments.
- Case studies are detailed, in-depth analyses of a single subject – such as a person,
group, event, or situation – used to explore specific issues within a real-life context. They
are commonly used in disciplines like medicine, psychology, business, law, and
education to gain insights into complex phenomena. Rather than aiming for broad
generalizations, case studies help illustrate how and why something happens in a
particular instance.
- Book reviews are concise articles offering insight and opinion on recently published
scholarly books (monographs). Although written by scholars, these reviews are not
considered scholarly sources themselves, but they can help identify books that are.
Structure of scholarly articles
Scholarly articles typically include the following components:
• Article title
• Abstract (a brief summary highlighting the main points discussed in the article)
• Introduction or literature review
• Article text/body
