BIOD 171 Microbiology Exam 1 | Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6 | Portage Learning | Questions and Answers
Microbiology The specialized area of biology that deals with organisms too small to be seen with
the naked eye
6 major groups of microorganisms 1. Bacteria
2. Algae
3. Protozoa
4. Helminths
5. Fungi
6. Viruses
What do microbiologists study? - Cell structure
- Growth and Physiology
- Genetics
- Taxonomy and evolutionary history
- Interactions with living and non living environment
What are the 6 different branches of study in microbiology? 1. Medical microbiology
2. Public Health microbiology and Epidemiology
3. Immunology
4. Industrial Microbiology
5. Agricultural Microbiology
6. Environmental Microbiology
Medical Microbiology Study of microbes as they relate to medicine, deals with microbes that causes
disease in humans and animals
Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology Monitor and control the spread of disease in communities. USPHS, CDC, WHO
Industrial Microbiology - Use of microbes to manufacture important compounds
- Safeguards our food and water
- Also includes biotechnology
- Ranges from bread making to gene therapy
- Microbes can be used to create large quantities of substances such as amino
acids, beer, drugs, enzymes, and vitamins
Agricultural Microbiology - Deals with the relationships between microbes and domesticated plants and
animals
- Plant specialists focus on plant diseases, soil fertility, and nutritional interactions
- Animal specialists work with infectious diseases and other associations animals
have with microorganisms
Immunology Studies a diverse areas such as vaccination, blood testing, and allergy.
Immunologists investigate the role of the immune system in cancer and
autoimmune diseases
Environmental Microbiology Studies the effect of microbes on the earth's diverse habitats.
Example- aquatic microbiology, soil microbiology, geomicrobiology, and astrobiology
eu-kary means? true nucleus; cells with a nucleus are classified as eukaryotes
Pro-kary means? Pre-nucleus; bacteria and archaea do not have a nucleus and have been
traditionally classified as prokaryotes
, BIOD 171 Microbiology Exam 1 | Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6 | Portage Learning | Questions and Answers
What is a microbe? A microorganism
How are biology and microbiology different? How are they Biology is concerned with all the different scales of size that microorganisms exist
similar? on, but many fields on biology are concerned with more complex organisms such as
mammals. Microbiology is concerned specifically with smaller, individual organisms.
Microbiologists might be concerned with something as big as a bacteria, and they
do study systems, such as the immune system, but generally they focus on smaller
individual organisms. They are similar because they both study organisms, just on
different scales.
Bacteria - Unicellular microorganisms
- Some cause human, animal, or plant diseases; others are beneficial.
- Prokaryotic
Algae - Unicellular microorganisms
- Prokaryotic
- Food or water borne
- Reproduce Asexually
- Photosythetic
Protozoa - Unicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Live independently or as parasites
- Mostly found in soil or water
Helminths - Multicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Worms
Fungi/Yeast - Eukaryotic
- Multicellular
- Protists characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid
cell wall
Medical Microbiology - Deals with diseases of humans and animals
- Study the way microorganisms cause disease
- Example: A Microbiologist at the CDC may examine a culture of the influenza virus
in order to understand why is is so harmful
Public Health Microbiology & Epidemiology - Monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities
- CDC, USPHS, & WHO
- Example: Epidemiologists conduct interviews as a part of the effort to curb the
cholera epidemic in Haiti
Immunology - Studies the web of protective substances and cells produced in response to
infection
- Vaccination, blood testing, and allergy
- Immunologists investigate the role of the immune system in cancer and
autoimmune diseases
- Example: Immunologists freeze dry samples of infectious diseases
Industrial Microbiology - Branch of microbiology in which microbes are manipulated to manufacture useful
products
- Ranges from bread making to gene therapy
- Safeguards our food and water
- Microbes can be used to create large quantities of substances such as amino
acids, berm drugs, enzymes and vitamins
- Example: Scientists use a multispectural imaging systems for inspection of
chickens to be manufactured
, BIOD 171 Microbiology Exam 1 | Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6 | Portage Learning | Questions and Answers
Agricultural Microbiology - Concerned with the relationship between microbes and domesticated plants and
animals
- Plant specialists focus on plant diseases, soil fertility, and nutritional interactions
- Animal specialists focus on infectious diseases and other associations animals
have with microorganisms
Environmental Microbiology - Studies the effect of microbes on the Earth's diverse habitats
- 4 Types: Aquatic, Soil, Geo, and Astro
- Studies microbes in the earths surface water, soil, crust, and places off of our
planet
What type of cells originated first on planet Earth? What Prokaryotic cells originated fist, followed by Eukaryotic cells, and lastly viruses
type of cells evolved next? What type of organism evolved
last?
Photosynthesis Light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, accompanied by the
formation of oxygen
What kind of organisms can proceed with photosynthesis? Bacteria and Algae
What is decomposition? Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be recycled
What type of organisms can proceed with decomposition? Bacteria and Fungi
Genetic Engineering Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the purpose of
creating new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Recombinant DNA Technology Techniques that allow the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another
and deliberately alter DNA
Bioremediation Introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic
pollutants
Biotechnology Manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting
What is the difference between a pathogen and a A pathogen is a microorganism that has the potential to cause disease, but
microbe? microbes are not always pathogens
True or Face: All microbes are pathogenic False, few microbes are pathogens
What are the top causes of infectious disease deaths in In the U.S: Influenza and pneumonia
the U.S versus worldwide? Worldwide: HIV/AIDS and Diarrheal diseases
Microbiology The specialized area of biology that deals with organisms too small to be seen with
the naked eye
6 major groups of microorganisms 1. Bacteria
2. Algae
3. Protozoa
4. Helminths
5. Fungi
6. Viruses
What do microbiologists study? - Cell structure
- Growth and Physiology
- Genetics
- Taxonomy and evolutionary history
- Interactions with living and non living environment
What are the 6 different branches of study in microbiology? 1. Medical microbiology
2. Public Health microbiology and Epidemiology
3. Immunology
4. Industrial Microbiology
5. Agricultural Microbiology
6. Environmental Microbiology
Medical Microbiology Study of microbes as they relate to medicine, deals with microbes that causes
disease in humans and animals
Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology Monitor and control the spread of disease in communities. USPHS, CDC, WHO
Industrial Microbiology - Use of microbes to manufacture important compounds
- Safeguards our food and water
- Also includes biotechnology
- Ranges from bread making to gene therapy
- Microbes can be used to create large quantities of substances such as amino
acids, beer, drugs, enzymes, and vitamins
Agricultural Microbiology - Deals with the relationships between microbes and domesticated plants and
animals
- Plant specialists focus on plant diseases, soil fertility, and nutritional interactions
- Animal specialists work with infectious diseases and other associations animals
have with microorganisms
Immunology Studies a diverse areas such as vaccination, blood testing, and allergy.
Immunologists investigate the role of the immune system in cancer and
autoimmune diseases
Environmental Microbiology Studies the effect of microbes on the earth's diverse habitats.
Example- aquatic microbiology, soil microbiology, geomicrobiology, and astrobiology
eu-kary means? true nucleus; cells with a nucleus are classified as eukaryotes
Pro-kary means? Pre-nucleus; bacteria and archaea do not have a nucleus and have been
traditionally classified as prokaryotes
, BIOD 171 Microbiology Exam 1 | Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6 | Portage Learning | Questions and Answers
What is a microbe? A microorganism
How are biology and microbiology different? How are they Biology is concerned with all the different scales of size that microorganisms exist
similar? on, but many fields on biology are concerned with more complex organisms such as
mammals. Microbiology is concerned specifically with smaller, individual organisms.
Microbiologists might be concerned with something as big as a bacteria, and they
do study systems, such as the immune system, but generally they focus on smaller
individual organisms. They are similar because they both study organisms, just on
different scales.
Bacteria - Unicellular microorganisms
- Some cause human, animal, or plant diseases; others are beneficial.
- Prokaryotic
Algae - Unicellular microorganisms
- Prokaryotic
- Food or water borne
- Reproduce Asexually
- Photosythetic
Protozoa - Unicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Live independently or as parasites
- Mostly found in soil or water
Helminths - Multicellular
- Eukaryotic
- Worms
Fungi/Yeast - Eukaryotic
- Multicellular
- Protists characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and by the presence of a rigid
cell wall
Medical Microbiology - Deals with diseases of humans and animals
- Study the way microorganisms cause disease
- Example: A Microbiologist at the CDC may examine a culture of the influenza virus
in order to understand why is is so harmful
Public Health Microbiology & Epidemiology - Monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities
- CDC, USPHS, & WHO
- Example: Epidemiologists conduct interviews as a part of the effort to curb the
cholera epidemic in Haiti
Immunology - Studies the web of protective substances and cells produced in response to
infection
- Vaccination, blood testing, and allergy
- Immunologists investigate the role of the immune system in cancer and
autoimmune diseases
- Example: Immunologists freeze dry samples of infectious diseases
Industrial Microbiology - Branch of microbiology in which microbes are manipulated to manufacture useful
products
- Ranges from bread making to gene therapy
- Safeguards our food and water
- Microbes can be used to create large quantities of substances such as amino
acids, berm drugs, enzymes and vitamins
- Example: Scientists use a multispectural imaging systems for inspection of
chickens to be manufactured
, BIOD 171 Microbiology Exam 1 | Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6 | Portage Learning | Questions and Answers
Agricultural Microbiology - Concerned with the relationship between microbes and domesticated plants and
animals
- Plant specialists focus on plant diseases, soil fertility, and nutritional interactions
- Animal specialists focus on infectious diseases and other associations animals
have with microorganisms
Environmental Microbiology - Studies the effect of microbes on the Earth's diverse habitats
- 4 Types: Aquatic, Soil, Geo, and Astro
- Studies microbes in the earths surface water, soil, crust, and places off of our
planet
What type of cells originated first on planet Earth? What Prokaryotic cells originated fist, followed by Eukaryotic cells, and lastly viruses
type of cells evolved next? What type of organism evolved
last?
Photosynthesis Light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, accompanied by the
formation of oxygen
What kind of organisms can proceed with photosynthesis? Bacteria and Algae
What is decomposition? Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be recycled
What type of organisms can proceed with decomposition? Bacteria and Fungi
Genetic Engineering Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the purpose of
creating new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Recombinant DNA Technology Techniques that allow the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another
and deliberately alter DNA
Bioremediation Introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic
pollutants
Biotechnology Manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting
What is the difference between a pathogen and a A pathogen is a microorganism that has the potential to cause disease, but
microbe? microbes are not always pathogens
True or Face: All microbes are pathogenic False, few microbes are pathogens
What are the top causes of infectious disease deaths in In the U.S: Influenza and pneumonia
the U.S versus worldwide? Worldwide: HIV/AIDS and Diarrheal diseases
