Nutrition A Final Exam Review Notes 2026 | Nutrition Study Guide & Exam Prep

Nutrition A Final Exam Review Sheet
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Foodborne./Illness
 Foodborne./Illness./Definition
o Illness./related./to./consumption./of./foods./or./beverages./containing./disease
-
causing./bacteria,./viruses,./marine./organisms,./fungi,./toxins,./parasites,./or./othe
r./contaminants
 How./Good./Foods./Go./Bad
o The./most./common./contaminants./(bacteria./and./viruses)./enter./the./foo
d./supply./during./food./processing,./storage,./or./preparation
o Contamination./through./feces./is./common
 Contaminants./in./Food
o Foods./can./be./contaminated./from./the./inside
▪ Eggs./of./chickens./infected./with./Salmonella
 Cross-Contamination
o Occurs./when./food./that./is./contaminated./comes./into./contact./with./anothe
r./food
 Food./Safety
o In./US./annually./foodborne./illnesses./result./in:
▪ 76./million./people./becoming./ill
▪ 300,000./hospitalizations
▪ Over./5,000./deaths
o Caused./by./bacteria,./viruses,./marine./life,./fungi,./toxins,./and./chemicals./i
n./foods./or./water
▪ Spread./by./many./foods,./mainly./raw./or./under./cooked./meat./and./eggs
,./shellfish,./&./raw./milk
 Causes./and./Consequences
o Most./prevalent./causes:
▪ Salmonella
▪ Campylobacter
▪ E../coli./0157:H7./bacteria
▪ Norwalk-like./viruses
o Many./cases./go./unreported

, o Most./common./symptoms./of./foodborne./illness./consist./of./nausea,./vomiting
,./abdominal./cramps,./and./diarrhea
o Effects./are./most./severe./in./people./with./weakened./immune./systems./or./
certain./chronic./illnesses,./pregnant./women,./young./children,./and./older./adult
s




 Other./Causes./of./Foodborne./Illness
o Mercury./contamination
o Botulism
o Parasites
o Red./Tide
o Mad./Cow./Disease
o Listeriosis
 Food./Safety./and./Pregnancy./–./Listeriosis
o Pregnant./women./20./times./more./likely./than./other./healthy./adults./to./develo
p./listeriosis
o Foodborne./illness./caused./by./listeria./may./result./in./premature./delivery
,./miscarriage,./fetal./death,./and./newborn./illness/death
 Temperature./and./Food./Safety
o Danger./zone./for./bacterial./growth:./40ºF./-135ºF
o Store./frozen./foods./below./0ºF
o Keep./refrigerated./foods./below./40ºF
o Reheating./foods./to./at./least./165ºF

,  Fight./BAC!:./Four./Simple./Steps./to./Food./Safety
o Clean:./Wash./hands./and./surfaces./often
o Separate:./Don’t./cross-contaminate
o Cook:./Cook./to./proper./temperatures
o Chill:./Refrigerate./promptly
Food./Labeling
 1990./Nutrition./Labeling./and./Education./Act
o Mandatory./for./most./processed./foods
o Voluntary./for./fresh./meat,./poultry,./fish,./milk,./eggs,./and./produce
o Established./standardized./“Nutrition./Facts”./panel
o Set./standard./portion./sizes./(“as./commonly./consumed”)
 Food./Labels
o Nutrition./Facts./Panel./provides./details./of./nutrient./content./and./ingredient
s./in./food./inside
o Simplifies./comparison./of./similar./foods
 What’s./on./the./Nutrition./Label?
o Required./to./show./content./of./fat,./trans./fat,./saturated./fat,./cholesterol
,./sodium,./dietary./fiber,./vitamins./A./and./C,./and./calcium./and./iron
o Nutrients./associated./with./nutrition./or./health./claim./on./food./label./must./b
e./included./in./Nutrition./Facts./Panel
 Mandatory./Components./of./Nutrition./Facts./Panel
o Total./calories
o Calories./from./fat
o Total./fat
▪ Saturated./fat
▪ Trans./fat
o Cholesterol
o Sodium
o Total./carbohydrate
▪ Dietary./fiber
▪ Sugars
o Protein
o Vitamin./C
o Vitamin./A
o Calcium