Calories! Food, Energy, and Energy
./ ./ ./ ./ .
Balance
/
A. Energy!
1.)./The./Body’s./Need./for./Energy
calorie:./a./unit./of./measure./used./to./express./the./amount./of./energy./p
roduced./by./foods./in./the./form./of./ ./the./amount./of./energy./needed./to./r
aise./the./temperature./of./1./kilogram./of./water./from./15./to./16./degrees./C
the./body./uses./energy./from./foods./to./fuel./muscular./activity,./growth.
/and./tissue./repair./and./maintenance
the./largest./single./ contributor./to./ energy./ need./is./ basal./metabolism
(includes./breathing,./the./beating./of./the./heart,./maintenance./of./body./tem
p,./renewal./of./muscle./and./bone./tissue,./and./other./ongoing./activities./that.
/sustain./life)
basal./metabolic./rate./(BMR):./the./rate./at./which./energy./is./used./b
y./the./body./when./it./is./at./complete./rest
indirect./calorimetry:./a./method./of./measuring./energy./expenditure./from
determination./of./the./amount./of./oxygen./utilized./by./the./body./during./a./sp
ecific./unit./of./time
the./three./energy-requiring./ processes./ of./the./body:
a.)./Basal./Metabolism
energy./required./to./maintain./normal./body./weight./functions./while./at./res
t
you./can./ calculate./ your./BMR:
men:./ multiply./ body./ weight./ in./ pounds./ by./ 11
women:./multiply./ body./ weight./in./ pounds./ by./10
b.)./Physical./Activity
usually./ accounts./ for./ the./ second./ highest./ amount./ of./ calories./ we. / expen
d
the./energy./cost./for./supporting./an./inactive./lifestyle./is./30%./of./the.
/number./of./calories./needed./for./basal./metabolism;./50%./for./average./acti
vity;./and./75%./for./active./activity
ex:./(1,500./calories./x./.30./=./450./extra./calories)
c.)./Dietary./Thermogenesis
energy./ related./to./food./ingestion./(the./ process./gives./off./ heat)
calories./expended./for./dietary./thermogenesis./are./estimated./to./be./
10%./of./the./sum./of./basal./metabolic./and./usual./physical./activity
, ex:./(from./above,./1,950./calories./x./.1./=./195./calories)
d.)./Add./it./All./Together
your./estimated./total./daily./need./for./calories./is./the./sum./of./calories./
used./for./basal./metabolism,./physical./activity,./and./dietary./thermogenesis./
(1,500./+./450./+./195./=./2,145./total./calories)
B../Where’s./the./Energy./in./Foods
Carbohydrates./and./protein./offer./4./calories./per./gram,./fat./provid
es./9./calories./per./gram,./and./alcohol./7./calories./per./gram
You./can./calculate./how./many./calories./it./contains./if./you./know./the
carbohydrate,./protein,./fat./and./(if./present)./alcohol
Multiply./the./amount./by./in./the./food./by./the./calorie./value./per./gram
,./and./add./them./up./for./the./total./amount./of./calories
You./can./calculate./the./%./of./total./calories./from./carbohydrates,./protein,
and./fat./by./dividing./the./number./of./calories./supplied./by./each./energy./nutr
ient./by./the./total./number./of./calories,./then./multiplying./the./results./by./10
0
High./fat./foods./provide./more./calories./ounce./for./ounce./than./foods.
/that./contain./primarily./carbohydrates ./or./protein
1.)./ Most./Foods./are./a./Mixture
even./though./some./foods./provide./relatively./more./carbohydrates
,./protein,./or./fat./than./other./foods,./most./foods./contain./a./mixture./of.
/energy./nutrients
2.)./Energy./Density
energy./density:./the./number./of./calories./per./gram./of./food
so./divide./the./ number./of./calories./ by./ the./amount./ of./grams./ in./the./food
3.)./How./is./Caloric./Intake./Regulated./by./the./Body
hunger:./unpleasant./physical./and./psychological./sensations./that./le
ad./people./to./acquire./and./ingest./food
signal./ thought./ of./ as./ when./ cells./ run./ low./ on./ energy./ nutrients./ supplied.
/ by
the./last./meal./or./snack
satiety:./a./feeling./of./fullness./or./of./having./had./enough./to./eat
appetite:./the./desire./to./eat;./a./pleasant./sensation./that./is./arouse
d./by./thoughts./of./the./taste./and./enjoyment./of./food
may./or./may./not./be./related./to./being./hungry
adults./who./maintain./their./weight./are./in./the./state./of./energy./balance
, Obesity to Underweight: The Highs and
./ ./ ./ ./ ./
Lows of Weight Status
./ ./ ./ 06/28/2016
A../Variations./in./Body./Weight
./ ./ ./ ./ .
Balance
/
A. Energy!
1.)./The./Body’s./Need./for./Energy
calorie:./a./unit./of./measure./used./to./express./the./amount./of./energy./p
roduced./by./foods./in./the./form./of./ ./the./amount./of./energy./needed./to./r
aise./the./temperature./of./1./kilogram./of./water./from./15./to./16./degrees./C
the./body./uses./energy./from./foods./to./fuel./muscular./activity,./growth.
/and./tissue./repair./and./maintenance
the./largest./single./ contributor./to./ energy./ need./is./ basal./metabolism
(includes./breathing,./the./beating./of./the./heart,./maintenance./of./body./tem
p,./renewal./of./muscle./and./bone./tissue,./and./other./ongoing./activities./that.
/sustain./life)
basal./metabolic./rate./(BMR):./the./rate./at./which./energy./is./used./b
y./the./body./when./it./is./at./complete./rest
indirect./calorimetry:./a./method./of./measuring./energy./expenditure./from
determination./of./the./amount./of./oxygen./utilized./by./the./body./during./a./sp
ecific./unit./of./time
the./three./energy-requiring./ processes./ of./the./body:
a.)./Basal./Metabolism
energy./required./to./maintain./normal./body./weight./functions./while./at./res
t
you./can./ calculate./ your./BMR:
men:./ multiply./ body./ weight./ in./ pounds./ by./ 11
women:./multiply./ body./ weight./in./ pounds./ by./10
b.)./Physical./Activity
usually./ accounts./ for./ the./ second./ highest./ amount./ of./ calories./ we. / expen
d
the./energy./cost./for./supporting./an./inactive./lifestyle./is./30%./of./the.
/number./of./calories./needed./for./basal./metabolism;./50%./for./average./acti
vity;./and./75%./for./active./activity
ex:./(1,500./calories./x./.30./=./450./extra./calories)
c.)./Dietary./Thermogenesis
energy./ related./to./food./ingestion./(the./ process./gives./off./ heat)
calories./expended./for./dietary./thermogenesis./are./estimated./to./be./
10%./of./the./sum./of./basal./metabolic./and./usual./physical./activity
, ex:./(from./above,./1,950./calories./x./.1./=./195./calories)
d.)./Add./it./All./Together
your./estimated./total./daily./need./for./calories./is./the./sum./of./calories./
used./for./basal./metabolism,./physical./activity,./and./dietary./thermogenesis./
(1,500./+./450./+./195./=./2,145./total./calories)
B../Where’s./the./Energy./in./Foods
Carbohydrates./and./protein./offer./4./calories./per./gram,./fat./provid
es./9./calories./per./gram,./and./alcohol./7./calories./per./gram
You./can./calculate./how./many./calories./it./contains./if./you./know./the
carbohydrate,./protein,./fat./and./(if./present)./alcohol
Multiply./the./amount./by./in./the./food./by./the./calorie./value./per./gram
,./and./add./them./up./for./the./total./amount./of./calories
You./can./calculate./the./%./of./total./calories./from./carbohydrates,./protein,
and./fat./by./dividing./the./number./of./calories./supplied./by./each./energy./nutr
ient./by./the./total./number./of./calories,./then./multiplying./the./results./by./10
0
High./fat./foods./provide./more./calories./ounce./for./ounce./than./foods.
/that./contain./primarily./carbohydrates ./or./protein
1.)./ Most./Foods./are./a./Mixture
even./though./some./foods./provide./relatively./more./carbohydrates
,./protein,./or./fat./than./other./foods,./most./foods./contain./a./mixture./of.
/energy./nutrients
2.)./Energy./Density
energy./density:./the./number./of./calories./per./gram./of./food
so./divide./the./ number./of./calories./ by./ the./amount./ of./grams./ in./the./food
3.)./How./is./Caloric./Intake./Regulated./by./the./Body
hunger:./unpleasant./physical./and./psychological./sensations./that./le
ad./people./to./acquire./and./ingest./food
signal./ thought./ of./ as./ when./ cells./ run./ low./ on./ energy./ nutrients./ supplied.
/ by
the./last./meal./or./snack
satiety:./a./feeling./of./fullness./or./of./having./had./enough./to./eat
appetite:./the./desire./to./eat;./a./pleasant./sensation./that./is./arouse
d./by./thoughts./of./the./taste./and./enjoyment./of./food
may./or./may./not./be./related./to./being./hungry
adults./who./maintain./their./weight./are./in./the./state./of./energy./balance
, Obesity to Underweight: The Highs and
./ ./ ./ ./ ./
Lows of Weight Status
./ ./ ./ 06/28/2016
A../Variations./in./Body./Weight
