POL 102 ALL SET QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET
A+
✔✔Three-Fifths Compromise - ✔✔Counted enslaved people as 3/5 for representation.
✔✔Virginia Plan - ✔✔Representation based on population.
✔✔block grants - ✔✔Federal money given to states with few restrictions.
✔✔concurrent powers - ✔✔Powers shared by state and federal governments.
✔✔confederation - ✔✔Alliance of independent states.
✔✔cooperative federalism - ✔✔Federal and state governments work together.
✔✔dual federalism - ✔✔Clear separation between state and federal powers.
✔✔federalism - ✔✔Power divided between national and state governments.
✔✔full faith and credit clause - ✔✔States must respect other states' laws.
✔✔Gibbons v. Ogden - ✔✔Federal government controls interstate commerce.
✔✔grants-in-aid - ✔✔Federal funds for specific purposes.
✔✔layer-cake federalism - ✔✔Clear separation of powers.
✔✔marble-cake federalism - ✔✔Blended powers between governments.
✔✔Martin v. Hunter's Lessee - ✔✔Supreme Court authority over states.
✔✔McCulloch v. Maryland - ✔✔Implied powers allowed.
, ✔✔national supremacy doctrine - ✔✔Federal government has strong authority.
✔✔necessary and proper clause - ✔✔Congress can make laws to carry out powers.
✔✔preemption - ✔✔Federal law overrides state law.
✔✔reserved powers - ✔✔Powers kept by states.
✔✔sovereignty - ✔✔Supreme power within a territory.
✔✔supremacy clause - ✔✔Federal law is the highest law.
✔✔unitary system - ✔✔Central government has all power.
✔✔bail - ✔✔Money paid to ensure court appearance.
✔✔bill of attainder - ✔✔Law punishing without trial (not allowed).
✔✔civil liberties - ✔✔Basic rights protected from government.
✔✔double jeopardy - ✔✔Cannot be tried twice for same crime.
✔✔establishment clause - ✔✔Government cannot establish religion.
✔✔ex post facto law - ✔✔Law punishing past actions (not allowed).
✔✔exclusionary rule - ✔✔Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used.
✔✔free exercise clause - ✔✔Freedom to practice religion.
✔✔good faith exception - ✔✔Evidence allowed if police acted reasonably.
✔✔incorporation - ✔✔Applying Bill of Rights to states.
✔✔Katz test - ✔✔Protects reasonable expectation of privacy.
✔✔libel - ✔✔Written false statements harming someone.
✔✔Miranda warning - ✔✔Rights read upon arrest.
✔✔prior restraint - ✔✔Government censorship before publication.
A+
✔✔Three-Fifths Compromise - ✔✔Counted enslaved people as 3/5 for representation.
✔✔Virginia Plan - ✔✔Representation based on population.
✔✔block grants - ✔✔Federal money given to states with few restrictions.
✔✔concurrent powers - ✔✔Powers shared by state and federal governments.
✔✔confederation - ✔✔Alliance of independent states.
✔✔cooperative federalism - ✔✔Federal and state governments work together.
✔✔dual federalism - ✔✔Clear separation between state and federal powers.
✔✔federalism - ✔✔Power divided between national and state governments.
✔✔full faith and credit clause - ✔✔States must respect other states' laws.
✔✔Gibbons v. Ogden - ✔✔Federal government controls interstate commerce.
✔✔grants-in-aid - ✔✔Federal funds for specific purposes.
✔✔layer-cake federalism - ✔✔Clear separation of powers.
✔✔marble-cake federalism - ✔✔Blended powers between governments.
✔✔Martin v. Hunter's Lessee - ✔✔Supreme Court authority over states.
✔✔McCulloch v. Maryland - ✔✔Implied powers allowed.
, ✔✔national supremacy doctrine - ✔✔Federal government has strong authority.
✔✔necessary and proper clause - ✔✔Congress can make laws to carry out powers.
✔✔preemption - ✔✔Federal law overrides state law.
✔✔reserved powers - ✔✔Powers kept by states.
✔✔sovereignty - ✔✔Supreme power within a territory.
✔✔supremacy clause - ✔✔Federal law is the highest law.
✔✔unitary system - ✔✔Central government has all power.
✔✔bail - ✔✔Money paid to ensure court appearance.
✔✔bill of attainder - ✔✔Law punishing without trial (not allowed).
✔✔civil liberties - ✔✔Basic rights protected from government.
✔✔double jeopardy - ✔✔Cannot be tried twice for same crime.
✔✔establishment clause - ✔✔Government cannot establish religion.
✔✔ex post facto law - ✔✔Law punishing past actions (not allowed).
✔✔exclusionary rule - ✔✔Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used.
✔✔free exercise clause - ✔✔Freedom to practice religion.
✔✔good faith exception - ✔✔Evidence allowed if police acted reasonably.
✔✔incorporation - ✔✔Applying Bill of Rights to states.
✔✔Katz test - ✔✔Protects reasonable expectation of privacy.
✔✔libel - ✔✔Written false statements harming someone.
✔✔Miranda warning - ✔✔Rights read upon arrest.
✔✔prior restraint - ✔✔Government censorship before publication.
