BIOLOGY 1306 ACTUAL FINALS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔During DNA replication, the ____ strand is assembled in the ____ direction from
helix unwinding and is synthesized by ____ replication. - ✔✔leading; same; continuous
✔✔The overall process by which information carried by a signaling molecule is
translated into changes that occur inside the cell is called signal ____. - ✔✔transduction
✔✔The regions retained in finished mRNA transcripts after pre-mRNA processing are
called ____. - ✔✔exons
✔✔Protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes are transcribed by ____. - ✔✔RNA
polymerase II
✔✔Adjacent plant cells utilize ____ to rapidly communicate with each other. -
✔✔plasmodesmata
✔✔Answer the following questions using the accompanying figure. Match the types of
cell communication shown in the figures with the descriptions below. Some choices may
be used more than once. - ✔✔long-distance signaling c,
paracrine regulation a,
mediation of the fight-or-flight response by epinephrine c,
autocrine regulation b,
cell communication by direct contact d,
communication used by neurotransmitters acting on neuron across a synapse a,
communication used by cardiac muscle cells to synchronize heart contractions d
✔✔Retrotransposons move using an RNA intermediate that is converted back to DNA
by the enzyme _____. - ✔✔reverse transcriptase
,✔✔In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the start codon (or initiator codon) is ____,
which codes for the amino acid ____. - ✔✔AUG; methionine
✔✔Which statement correctly describes DNA base pairing? - ✔✔Two hydrogen bonds
bind A and T; three hydrogen bonds bind G and C.
✔✔Posttranslational modification includes ____. - ✔✔the chemical modification,
processing, and degradation of proteins
✔✔Which bases are found in RNA? - ✔✔adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine
✔✔Conjugation is a process by which bacterial cells ____. - ✔✔transfer DNA from one
cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge
✔✔Each DNA nucleotide is composed of ____. - ✔✔a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate
group, and one of four nitrogenous bases
✔✔The process by which parents produce offspring is called ____. - ✔✔reproduction
✔✔The coded information in DNA guides the production of proteins and RNA molecules
in a process called _____. - ✔✔gene expression
✔✔Which group would be considered a community? - ✔✔polar bears, seals, fish
✔✔Which statement is an example of natural selection? - ✔✔Decreased melanin
production in successive generations living in northern areas increases vitamin D
absorption.
✔✔Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are examples of ____. - ✔✔metabolism
✔✔Inheritance is the process by which genetic information is ____. - ✔✔transmitted to
offspring in the form of DNA
✔✔Favorable mutations that allow some organisms to survive and reproduce better
than others in a particular environment are called ____. - ✔✔adaptations
✔✔Which pair of organisms would be classified as prokaryotes? - ✔✔Bacteria and
Archaea
✔✔A group of organisms of the same species that live together in the same place make
up a(n) ____. - ✔✔population
, ✔✔Populations of all organisms change from one generation to the next because their
DNA changes over time. This is known as ____. - ✔✔biological evolution
✔✔Monkeys, trees, snakes, moss, birds, sunlight, rain, rocks, and bugs together would
be considered a(n) ____. - ✔✔ecosystem
✔✔The pages of your textbook consist mainly of material made by multicellular,
photosynthetic organisms that function as producers in ecosystems. These organisms
belong to the kingdom ____. - ✔✔Plantae
✔✔Match the descriptions of the organisms with the appropriate hierarchical category. -
✔✔prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that inhabit rare and extreme environments
Domain Archaea,eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that function as producers
Kingdom Plantae,one of the three highest levels of organization, comprised of
unicellular and multicellular organisms that contain a nucleus Domain Eukarya,both
unicellular and multicellular species that live as decomposers but do not carry out
photosynthesis Kingdom Fungi,prokaryotic, unicellular organisms - some beneficial and
some that cause disease - found in ordinary environments Domain Bacteria,eukaryotic,
multicellular, organisms that function as consumers and have the ability to move
Kingdom Animalia,both unicellular and multicellular species that can be producers,
consumers, and decomposers Protist
✔✔The large, double-stranded, helical molecule that contains instructions for
assembling a living organism from simpler molecules is ____. - ✔✔DNA
✔✔When choosing a model organism for study, researchers look for organisms that
_____. - ✔✔have small adult sizes
✔✔Which term describes a community and the nonliving environmental factors with
which it interacts? - ✔✔ecosystem
✔✔A researcher in a lab finds a microscopic organism that has no nucleus, but has
distinctive structural molecules and mechanisms of photosynthesis. The organisms are
abundant in virtually every habitat on Earth. The researcher has identified this organism
as belonging to the domain ____. - ✔✔Bacteria
✔✔Shitake mushrooms are decomposers that break down biological molecules from
dead organisms. These organisms belong to the ____ kingdom. - ✔✔Fungi
✔✔A group of organisms in which the individuals are so closely related in structure,
biochemistry, and behavior that they can successfully interbreed is a(n) ____. -
✔✔species
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔During DNA replication, the ____ strand is assembled in the ____ direction from
helix unwinding and is synthesized by ____ replication. - ✔✔leading; same; continuous
✔✔The overall process by which information carried by a signaling molecule is
translated into changes that occur inside the cell is called signal ____. - ✔✔transduction
✔✔The regions retained in finished mRNA transcripts after pre-mRNA processing are
called ____. - ✔✔exons
✔✔Protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes are transcribed by ____. - ✔✔RNA
polymerase II
✔✔Adjacent plant cells utilize ____ to rapidly communicate with each other. -
✔✔plasmodesmata
✔✔Answer the following questions using the accompanying figure. Match the types of
cell communication shown in the figures with the descriptions below. Some choices may
be used more than once. - ✔✔long-distance signaling c,
paracrine regulation a,
mediation of the fight-or-flight response by epinephrine c,
autocrine regulation b,
cell communication by direct contact d,
communication used by neurotransmitters acting on neuron across a synapse a,
communication used by cardiac muscle cells to synchronize heart contractions d
✔✔Retrotransposons move using an RNA intermediate that is converted back to DNA
by the enzyme _____. - ✔✔reverse transcriptase
,✔✔In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the start codon (or initiator codon) is ____,
which codes for the amino acid ____. - ✔✔AUG; methionine
✔✔Which statement correctly describes DNA base pairing? - ✔✔Two hydrogen bonds
bind A and T; three hydrogen bonds bind G and C.
✔✔Posttranslational modification includes ____. - ✔✔the chemical modification,
processing, and degradation of proteins
✔✔Which bases are found in RNA? - ✔✔adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine
✔✔Conjugation is a process by which bacterial cells ____. - ✔✔transfer DNA from one
cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge
✔✔Each DNA nucleotide is composed of ____. - ✔✔a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate
group, and one of four nitrogenous bases
✔✔The process by which parents produce offspring is called ____. - ✔✔reproduction
✔✔The coded information in DNA guides the production of proteins and RNA molecules
in a process called _____. - ✔✔gene expression
✔✔Which group would be considered a community? - ✔✔polar bears, seals, fish
✔✔Which statement is an example of natural selection? - ✔✔Decreased melanin
production in successive generations living in northern areas increases vitamin D
absorption.
✔✔Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are examples of ____. - ✔✔metabolism
✔✔Inheritance is the process by which genetic information is ____. - ✔✔transmitted to
offspring in the form of DNA
✔✔Favorable mutations that allow some organisms to survive and reproduce better
than others in a particular environment are called ____. - ✔✔adaptations
✔✔Which pair of organisms would be classified as prokaryotes? - ✔✔Bacteria and
Archaea
✔✔A group of organisms of the same species that live together in the same place make
up a(n) ____. - ✔✔population
, ✔✔Populations of all organisms change from one generation to the next because their
DNA changes over time. This is known as ____. - ✔✔biological evolution
✔✔Monkeys, trees, snakes, moss, birds, sunlight, rain, rocks, and bugs together would
be considered a(n) ____. - ✔✔ecosystem
✔✔The pages of your textbook consist mainly of material made by multicellular,
photosynthetic organisms that function as producers in ecosystems. These organisms
belong to the kingdom ____. - ✔✔Plantae
✔✔Match the descriptions of the organisms with the appropriate hierarchical category. -
✔✔prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that inhabit rare and extreme environments
Domain Archaea,eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that function as producers
Kingdom Plantae,one of the three highest levels of organization, comprised of
unicellular and multicellular organisms that contain a nucleus Domain Eukarya,both
unicellular and multicellular species that live as decomposers but do not carry out
photosynthesis Kingdom Fungi,prokaryotic, unicellular organisms - some beneficial and
some that cause disease - found in ordinary environments Domain Bacteria,eukaryotic,
multicellular, organisms that function as consumers and have the ability to move
Kingdom Animalia,both unicellular and multicellular species that can be producers,
consumers, and decomposers Protist
✔✔The large, double-stranded, helical molecule that contains instructions for
assembling a living organism from simpler molecules is ____. - ✔✔DNA
✔✔When choosing a model organism for study, researchers look for organisms that
_____. - ✔✔have small adult sizes
✔✔Which term describes a community and the nonliving environmental factors with
which it interacts? - ✔✔ecosystem
✔✔A researcher in a lab finds a microscopic organism that has no nucleus, but has
distinctive structural molecules and mechanisms of photosynthesis. The organisms are
abundant in virtually every habitat on Earth. The researcher has identified this organism
as belonging to the domain ____. - ✔✔Bacteria
✔✔Shitake mushrooms are decomposers that break down biological molecules from
dead organisms. These organisms belong to the ____ kingdom. - ✔✔Fungi
✔✔A group of organisms in which the individuals are so closely related in structure,
biochemistry, and behavior that they can successfully interbreed is a(n) ____. -
✔✔species
