BIOLOGY 1306 ACTUAL STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔The selective permeability of a membrane refers to the ____. - ✔✔ability of only
certain molecules to pass across a membrane
✔✔Which mechanism is responsible for maintaining the surface area of a cell? -
✔✔coupled endocytic and exocytic processes to replace phospholipids
✔✔Energy of an object due to its location or chemical structure is known as _____
energy. - ✔✔potential
✔✔When a solute moves through a membrane channel in the same direction as a
driving ion, this is called _____. - ✔✔symport
✔✔Which type of lipid is most important to the structure of biological membranes? -
✔✔phospholipid
✔✔What is the purpose of the third phase of the Calvin cycle? - ✔✔regeneration of
RuBP
✔✔A child swinging on a swing utilizes which type(s) of energy? - ✔✔kinetic, potential,
and chemical energy: the child powers the swing with chemical energy in the muscle
cells and the swing moves like a pendulum with changing ratios of kinetic and potential
energy.
✔✔Identify the exergonic reaction in the list below. - ✔✔burning wood for a campfire
✔✔Ultimately, the carbon molecules in pyruvate end up in which molecule? - ✔✔CO2
✔✔In plant cells, the ____ provides cellular support and protects the cell from
pathogens. - ✔✔cell wall
,✔✔In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, an excited electron from
photosystem II is passed along an electron transport chain to ____. - ✔✔photosystem I
✔✔How do pH and temperature affect enzyme activity? - ✔✔Each enzyme has an
optimal pH and temperature where it operates at peak efficiency.
✔✔Enzymes are ____ catalysts. - ✔✔protein
✔✔Microfilaments are assembled from ____. - ✔✔actin
✔✔Grana and thylakoids are structural components found in ____. - ✔✔chloroplasts
✔✔Which proteins in the plasma membrane identify a cell as part of the same individual
or as foreign? - ✔✔recognition proteins
✔✔The membrane that surrounds the central vacuole is the ____. - ✔✔tonoplast
✔✔Membrane sterols, such as cholesterol, function in animal cell membranes to ____. -
✔✔maintain membrane fluidity
✔✔Chloroplasts are the site of ____. - ✔✔photosynthesis
✔✔Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ____. - ✔✔mitochondria
✔✔In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are synthesized by _____. - ✔✔substrate-
level phosphorylation
✔✔What is a function of prokaryotic common pili? - ✔✔biofilm formation
✔✔In the fluid mosaic model, ____ represent the "fluid", and ____ represent the
"mosaic". - ✔✔phospholipids; proteins
✔✔The ____ regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. - ✔✔plasma
membrane
✔✔Cells that are making large quantities of proteins will have numerous ____. -
✔✔ribosomes
✔✔According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, the fluid part of the model
refers to ____. - ✔✔the phospholipid molecules which vibrate, spin, and exchange
places within the same layer of the bilayer
,✔✔In competitive inhibition, the ____. - ✔✔inhibitor binds to and directly blocks the
active site of the enzyme
✔✔If an enzyme's optimal temperature is 37°C, then the enzyme ____. - ✔✔activity will
drop at temperatures above 37°C and likely be eliminated by 60°C
✔✔During every energy transformation, it can be said that ____. - ✔✔the entropy of the
universe increases
✔✔Cells undergo exocytosis ____. - ✔✔to secrete protein and wastes from the cell
✔✔Which proteins recognize and bind molecules from other cells that act as chemical
signals? - ✔✔receptor proteins
✔✔In an aqueous environment, the phospholipids of a membrane ____. - ✔✔are
arranged in a bilayer with the polar heads of each layer located at the membrane
surface
✔✔In plants, extreme wilting of leaves and stems can cause the cells to retract from the
cell wall, a condition known as ____. - ✔✔plasmolysis
✔✔In plant cells, which structure is used to store carbohydrates? - ✔✔central vacuole
✔✔What is the name of the specific region of an enzyme responsible for catalysis? -
✔✔active site
✔✔A cell is committed to progressing through the cell cycle through to mitosis once it
transitions from ____. - ✔✔G1 to S
✔✔The mitotic spindle is primarily composed of ____. - ✔✔microtubules
✔✔A ____ individual is always part of a testcross. - ✔✔homozygous recessive
✔✔Your father is heterozygous for a recessive disorder. You know your mother has two
"good" alleles. What is the probability that you will have the disorder? - ✔✔0%
✔✔When Mendel crossed a true-breeding purple flower with a true-breeding white
flower, the F1 generation _____. - ✔✔all had purple flowers
✔✔Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the mitotic spindle begins to form
during ____. - ✔✔prophase
✔✔Egg and sperm cells are ____. - ✔✔gametes
, ✔✔The microtubules making up the mitotic spindle attach to specialized structures
called ____ that are found in the centromere region of the chromosome. -
✔✔kinetochores
✔✔Chemical compounds released during tobacco use can cause ____. - ✔✔cancer
✔✔Most hospitals in the United States routinely test all newborns for ____, an
autosomal recessive disorder in which a metabolic abnormality causes a buildup of
compounds that damage brain tissue and can lead to mental retardation unless a
restricted diet is followed. - ✔✔phenylketonuria
✔✔Identify the stage of mitosis shown in panel E. - ✔✔metaphase
✔✔In humans, sex determination generally depends upon the ____. - ✔✔presence of
the Y chromosome
✔✔Which statement correctly describes the X and/or Y chromosomes? - ✔✔The Y
chromosome determines the sex of the individual.
✔✔The change in the chromosomes depicted between the top and the bottom in the
accompanying figure represents a(n) ____. - ✔✔reciprocal translocation
✔✔If the diploid number of chromosomes in mouse somatic cells is 40, how many
chromosomes are present during prophase I? - ✔✔40, each containing a pair of sister
chromatids
✔✔How is anaphase I in meiosis different from anaphase in mitosis? - ✔✔In meiosis,
anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes; in mitosis, anaphase separates sister
chromatids.
✔✔An F1 individual resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and
a homozygous recessive parent is always ____. - ✔✔heterozygous
✔✔Homologous chromosomes ____. - ✔✔contain a maternal and paternal
chromosome
✔✔When an individual has two different alleles for a given gene, they are ____ for that
gene. - ✔✔heterozygous
✔✔In the first level of DNA packing, DNA is wound around histones to form bead-like
structures called _____. - ✔✔nucleosomes
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔The selective permeability of a membrane refers to the ____. - ✔✔ability of only
certain molecules to pass across a membrane
✔✔Which mechanism is responsible for maintaining the surface area of a cell? -
✔✔coupled endocytic and exocytic processes to replace phospholipids
✔✔Energy of an object due to its location or chemical structure is known as _____
energy. - ✔✔potential
✔✔When a solute moves through a membrane channel in the same direction as a
driving ion, this is called _____. - ✔✔symport
✔✔Which type of lipid is most important to the structure of biological membranes? -
✔✔phospholipid
✔✔What is the purpose of the third phase of the Calvin cycle? - ✔✔regeneration of
RuBP
✔✔A child swinging on a swing utilizes which type(s) of energy? - ✔✔kinetic, potential,
and chemical energy: the child powers the swing with chemical energy in the muscle
cells and the swing moves like a pendulum with changing ratios of kinetic and potential
energy.
✔✔Identify the exergonic reaction in the list below. - ✔✔burning wood for a campfire
✔✔Ultimately, the carbon molecules in pyruvate end up in which molecule? - ✔✔CO2
✔✔In plant cells, the ____ provides cellular support and protects the cell from
pathogens. - ✔✔cell wall
,✔✔In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, an excited electron from
photosystem II is passed along an electron transport chain to ____. - ✔✔photosystem I
✔✔How do pH and temperature affect enzyme activity? - ✔✔Each enzyme has an
optimal pH and temperature where it operates at peak efficiency.
✔✔Enzymes are ____ catalysts. - ✔✔protein
✔✔Microfilaments are assembled from ____. - ✔✔actin
✔✔Grana and thylakoids are structural components found in ____. - ✔✔chloroplasts
✔✔Which proteins in the plasma membrane identify a cell as part of the same individual
or as foreign? - ✔✔recognition proteins
✔✔The membrane that surrounds the central vacuole is the ____. - ✔✔tonoplast
✔✔Membrane sterols, such as cholesterol, function in animal cell membranes to ____. -
✔✔maintain membrane fluidity
✔✔Chloroplasts are the site of ____. - ✔✔photosynthesis
✔✔Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ____. - ✔✔mitochondria
✔✔In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are synthesized by _____. - ✔✔substrate-
level phosphorylation
✔✔What is a function of prokaryotic common pili? - ✔✔biofilm formation
✔✔In the fluid mosaic model, ____ represent the "fluid", and ____ represent the
"mosaic". - ✔✔phospholipids; proteins
✔✔The ____ regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. - ✔✔plasma
membrane
✔✔Cells that are making large quantities of proteins will have numerous ____. -
✔✔ribosomes
✔✔According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, the fluid part of the model
refers to ____. - ✔✔the phospholipid molecules which vibrate, spin, and exchange
places within the same layer of the bilayer
,✔✔In competitive inhibition, the ____. - ✔✔inhibitor binds to and directly blocks the
active site of the enzyme
✔✔If an enzyme's optimal temperature is 37°C, then the enzyme ____. - ✔✔activity will
drop at temperatures above 37°C and likely be eliminated by 60°C
✔✔During every energy transformation, it can be said that ____. - ✔✔the entropy of the
universe increases
✔✔Cells undergo exocytosis ____. - ✔✔to secrete protein and wastes from the cell
✔✔Which proteins recognize and bind molecules from other cells that act as chemical
signals? - ✔✔receptor proteins
✔✔In an aqueous environment, the phospholipids of a membrane ____. - ✔✔are
arranged in a bilayer with the polar heads of each layer located at the membrane
surface
✔✔In plants, extreme wilting of leaves and stems can cause the cells to retract from the
cell wall, a condition known as ____. - ✔✔plasmolysis
✔✔In plant cells, which structure is used to store carbohydrates? - ✔✔central vacuole
✔✔What is the name of the specific region of an enzyme responsible for catalysis? -
✔✔active site
✔✔A cell is committed to progressing through the cell cycle through to mitosis once it
transitions from ____. - ✔✔G1 to S
✔✔The mitotic spindle is primarily composed of ____. - ✔✔microtubules
✔✔A ____ individual is always part of a testcross. - ✔✔homozygous recessive
✔✔Your father is heterozygous for a recessive disorder. You know your mother has two
"good" alleles. What is the probability that you will have the disorder? - ✔✔0%
✔✔When Mendel crossed a true-breeding purple flower with a true-breeding white
flower, the F1 generation _____. - ✔✔all had purple flowers
✔✔Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the mitotic spindle begins to form
during ____. - ✔✔prophase
✔✔Egg and sperm cells are ____. - ✔✔gametes
, ✔✔The microtubules making up the mitotic spindle attach to specialized structures
called ____ that are found in the centromere region of the chromosome. -
✔✔kinetochores
✔✔Chemical compounds released during tobacco use can cause ____. - ✔✔cancer
✔✔Most hospitals in the United States routinely test all newborns for ____, an
autosomal recessive disorder in which a metabolic abnormality causes a buildup of
compounds that damage brain tissue and can lead to mental retardation unless a
restricted diet is followed. - ✔✔phenylketonuria
✔✔Identify the stage of mitosis shown in panel E. - ✔✔metaphase
✔✔In humans, sex determination generally depends upon the ____. - ✔✔presence of
the Y chromosome
✔✔Which statement correctly describes the X and/or Y chromosomes? - ✔✔The Y
chromosome determines the sex of the individual.
✔✔The change in the chromosomes depicted between the top and the bottom in the
accompanying figure represents a(n) ____. - ✔✔reciprocal translocation
✔✔If the diploid number of chromosomes in mouse somatic cells is 40, how many
chromosomes are present during prophase I? - ✔✔40, each containing a pair of sister
chromatids
✔✔How is anaphase I in meiosis different from anaphase in mitosis? - ✔✔In meiosis,
anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes; in mitosis, anaphase separates sister
chromatids.
✔✔An F1 individual resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and
a homozygous recessive parent is always ____. - ✔✔heterozygous
✔✔Homologous chromosomes ____. - ✔✔contain a maternal and paternal
chromosome
✔✔When an individual has two different alleles for a given gene, they are ____ for that
gene. - ✔✔heterozygous
✔✔In the first level of DNA packing, DNA is wound around histones to form bead-like
structures called _____. - ✔✔nucleosomes
