BIOLOGY 1306 UPDATED TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Which concept indicates that the total disorder of a system and its surroundings
always increases? - ✔✔second law of thermodynamics
✔✔When individuals have mitochondrial disorders, why are the skeletal and heart
muscles and the brain most often affected? - ✔✔They have the highest energy needs.
✔✔Plant cells permit ions and small molecules to move between adjacent cells by
means of cytoplasmic channels in their cell walls known as ____. - ✔✔plasmodesmata
✔✔A(n) ____ environment is ideal for plant cells, while a(n) ____ environment is best
for animal cells. - ✔✔hypotonic; isotonic
✔✔Graft-versus-host disease occurs in patients who have received an organ or tissue
transplant with incompatible cell surface markers. Which molecules are involved in this
disease? - ✔✔cell adhesion molecules
✔✔Enzymes accelerate reactions by _____. - ✔✔lowering the activation energy
✔✔When a drop of food coloring is placed in a container of clear water, the colored dye
molecules ____. - ✔✔diffuse equally throughout the container
✔✔If proteins are analogous to mail, which organelle would be analogous to the
mailroom sorter? - ✔✔Golgi apparatus
✔✔Enzymes ____. - ✔✔change the rate of a reaction
✔✔In normal cells, cell adhesion molecules are partially responsible for the cell's ability
to ____. - ✔✔recognize other cells as "self"
,✔✔Many prokaryotes have a specialized structure called a glycocalyx. What is the
purpose of this structure? - ✔✔to protect the cells from drying out
✔✔If the inner membrane of the mitochondria were compromised in some way, what
effect would this have on cellular respiration? - ✔✔The proton gradient across the inner
mitochondrial membrane would dissipate.
✔✔What is directly responsible for pumping protons out of the mitochondrial matrix? -
✔✔protein complexes I, III, and IV
✔✔At the end of glycolysis, the carbon atoms in a six-carbon glucose molecule _____. -
✔✔are converted into two molecules of pyruvate
✔✔What type of chemical reaction must occur for electrons to flow from one molecule
to the next and supply the energy for metabolism? - ✔✔reduction/oxidation
✔✔Photosynthesis is ____, while all other processes of life are ____. - ✔✔endergonic;
exergonic
✔✔Organisms must constantly bring in certain molecules and ions while keeping others
out. This function is accomplished by ____. - ✔✔the plasma membrane
✔✔The semiliquid substance within the nucleus is called ____. - ✔✔nucleoplasm
✔✔The Na+/K+ pump transports ____. - ✔✔3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in
✔✔In the absence of O2, the partial metabolism of glucose in human muscles produces
_____. - ✔✔lactic acid
✔✔After one minute without oxygen, brain cells begin to die. After three minutes, this
damage is likely to cause severe neurological deficits. The dependence of brain cells on
oxygen for survival indicates that these cells are ____. - ✔✔strict aerobes
✔✔The walls of adjacent plant cells are held together by the ____. - ✔✔middle lamella
✔✔In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, _____ is produced. - ✔✔sugar
✔✔The slime layer external to the prokaryotic cell wall is called the ____. -
✔✔glycocalyx
✔✔In animal cells, ____ radiating from the cell center anchor organelles such as the ER
and Golgi complex, and provide tracks for vesicle movement. - ✔✔microtubules
,✔✔Which class of proteins is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer? - ✔✔integral
proteins
✔✔The ____ is/are involved in the synthesis of lipids. - ✔✔smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
✔✔Which statement is a part of the first law of thermodynamics? - ✔✔Energy can be
neither created nor destroyed.
✔✔When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents ____. -
✔✔the cell from bursting
✔✔What powers ATP synthase directly? - ✔✔the proton gradient
✔✔What are the functions of cytochrome c and ubiquinone? - ✔✔They shuttle electrons
between the protein complexes.
✔✔In plant cells, starch is stored in ____. - ✔✔amyloplasts
✔✔The initial energy investment required to start a reaction is called the ____. -
✔✔activation energy
✔✔What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all organisms? - ✔✔the sun
✔✔Tight junctions ____. - ✔✔seal the spaces between cells
✔✔Why is it so important to transfuse a patient with blood that matches his or her
particular blood type? - ✔✔Different blood types express different glycoproteins on the
cell surface, which can be recognized as foreign, and trigger the immune system to
destroy these cells.
✔✔The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is
known as ____. - ✔✔osmosis
✔✔Which plant structure is responsible for gas exchange? - ✔✔stomata
✔✔A toxic substance has been found to inhibit glucose transport into mammalian cells.
If this substance is administered to a hamster, the likely cause of death would be a lack
of ____ production. - ✔✔ATP
✔✔Where does the Calvin cycle occur? - ✔✔stroma
✔✔Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells? - ✔✔chloroplasts
, ✔✔Which path do electrons take during the light-dependent reactions? -
✔✔photosystem II-->plastoquinone pool-->cytochrome complex-->photosystem I--
>ferrodoxin-->NADPH
✔✔A red blood cell placed in a beaker of solution immediately begins to swell and
ultimately bursts. This occurs because the cytoplasm of the cell was ____ to the
solution in the beaker, which was ____. - ✔✔hypertonic; hypotonic
✔✔Proteoglycans are found in both cartilage, which is soft, and tendons, which are
tough and elastic. What accounts for the difference between these two tissues? -
✔✔variable matrix organization
✔✔In higher plants, thylakoids are arranged into stacks called ____. - ✔✔grana
✔✔In a mature plant cell, ____ may occupy more than 90% of the cell's volume. -
✔✔the central vacuole
✔✔What is the purpose of the organization of the photosynthetic pigments into
photosystems? - ✔✔to optimize the capture of light energy
✔✔Chromatin consists of ____. - ✔✔DNA and associated proteins
✔✔Which products of the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle? - ✔✔ATP and
NADPH
✔✔It has been thought that many diseases now associated with aging are related to
malfunctioning mitochondria. Why are the mitochondria so important to all cells? -
✔✔They produce energy in the form of ATP.
✔✔The surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane is greatly increased by ____.
- ✔✔cristae
✔✔P700 is located in photosystem(s) ____ and is comprised of chlorophyll ____. - ✔✔I;
a
✔✔Refer to the accompanying figure. In what part of the mitochondrion or cell do the
following steps of cellular respiration take place? Not all choices will be used; some may
be used more than once. - ✔✔pyruvate oxidation = matrix (inner compartment),
glycolysis = cytosol,
electron transfer system = inner membrane,
citric acid cycle = matrix (inner compartment),
ATP synthesis = inner membrane
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Which concept indicates that the total disorder of a system and its surroundings
always increases? - ✔✔second law of thermodynamics
✔✔When individuals have mitochondrial disorders, why are the skeletal and heart
muscles and the brain most often affected? - ✔✔They have the highest energy needs.
✔✔Plant cells permit ions and small molecules to move between adjacent cells by
means of cytoplasmic channels in their cell walls known as ____. - ✔✔plasmodesmata
✔✔A(n) ____ environment is ideal for plant cells, while a(n) ____ environment is best
for animal cells. - ✔✔hypotonic; isotonic
✔✔Graft-versus-host disease occurs in patients who have received an organ or tissue
transplant with incompatible cell surface markers. Which molecules are involved in this
disease? - ✔✔cell adhesion molecules
✔✔Enzymes accelerate reactions by _____. - ✔✔lowering the activation energy
✔✔When a drop of food coloring is placed in a container of clear water, the colored dye
molecules ____. - ✔✔diffuse equally throughout the container
✔✔If proteins are analogous to mail, which organelle would be analogous to the
mailroom sorter? - ✔✔Golgi apparatus
✔✔Enzymes ____. - ✔✔change the rate of a reaction
✔✔In normal cells, cell adhesion molecules are partially responsible for the cell's ability
to ____. - ✔✔recognize other cells as "self"
,✔✔Many prokaryotes have a specialized structure called a glycocalyx. What is the
purpose of this structure? - ✔✔to protect the cells from drying out
✔✔If the inner membrane of the mitochondria were compromised in some way, what
effect would this have on cellular respiration? - ✔✔The proton gradient across the inner
mitochondrial membrane would dissipate.
✔✔What is directly responsible for pumping protons out of the mitochondrial matrix? -
✔✔protein complexes I, III, and IV
✔✔At the end of glycolysis, the carbon atoms in a six-carbon glucose molecule _____. -
✔✔are converted into two molecules of pyruvate
✔✔What type of chemical reaction must occur for electrons to flow from one molecule
to the next and supply the energy for metabolism? - ✔✔reduction/oxidation
✔✔Photosynthesis is ____, while all other processes of life are ____. - ✔✔endergonic;
exergonic
✔✔Organisms must constantly bring in certain molecules and ions while keeping others
out. This function is accomplished by ____. - ✔✔the plasma membrane
✔✔The semiliquid substance within the nucleus is called ____. - ✔✔nucleoplasm
✔✔The Na+/K+ pump transports ____. - ✔✔3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in
✔✔In the absence of O2, the partial metabolism of glucose in human muscles produces
_____. - ✔✔lactic acid
✔✔After one minute without oxygen, brain cells begin to die. After three minutes, this
damage is likely to cause severe neurological deficits. The dependence of brain cells on
oxygen for survival indicates that these cells are ____. - ✔✔strict aerobes
✔✔The walls of adjacent plant cells are held together by the ____. - ✔✔middle lamella
✔✔In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, _____ is produced. - ✔✔sugar
✔✔The slime layer external to the prokaryotic cell wall is called the ____. -
✔✔glycocalyx
✔✔In animal cells, ____ radiating from the cell center anchor organelles such as the ER
and Golgi complex, and provide tracks for vesicle movement. - ✔✔microtubules
,✔✔Which class of proteins is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer? - ✔✔integral
proteins
✔✔The ____ is/are involved in the synthesis of lipids. - ✔✔smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
✔✔Which statement is a part of the first law of thermodynamics? - ✔✔Energy can be
neither created nor destroyed.
✔✔When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents ____. -
✔✔the cell from bursting
✔✔What powers ATP synthase directly? - ✔✔the proton gradient
✔✔What are the functions of cytochrome c and ubiquinone? - ✔✔They shuttle electrons
between the protein complexes.
✔✔In plant cells, starch is stored in ____. - ✔✔amyloplasts
✔✔The initial energy investment required to start a reaction is called the ____. -
✔✔activation energy
✔✔What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all organisms? - ✔✔the sun
✔✔Tight junctions ____. - ✔✔seal the spaces between cells
✔✔Why is it so important to transfuse a patient with blood that matches his or her
particular blood type? - ✔✔Different blood types express different glycoproteins on the
cell surface, which can be recognized as foreign, and trigger the immune system to
destroy these cells.
✔✔The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is
known as ____. - ✔✔osmosis
✔✔Which plant structure is responsible for gas exchange? - ✔✔stomata
✔✔A toxic substance has been found to inhibit glucose transport into mammalian cells.
If this substance is administered to a hamster, the likely cause of death would be a lack
of ____ production. - ✔✔ATP
✔✔Where does the Calvin cycle occur? - ✔✔stroma
✔✔Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells? - ✔✔chloroplasts
, ✔✔Which path do electrons take during the light-dependent reactions? -
✔✔photosystem II-->plastoquinone pool-->cytochrome complex-->photosystem I--
>ferrodoxin-->NADPH
✔✔A red blood cell placed in a beaker of solution immediately begins to swell and
ultimately bursts. This occurs because the cytoplasm of the cell was ____ to the
solution in the beaker, which was ____. - ✔✔hypertonic; hypotonic
✔✔Proteoglycans are found in both cartilage, which is soft, and tendons, which are
tough and elastic. What accounts for the difference between these two tissues? -
✔✔variable matrix organization
✔✔In higher plants, thylakoids are arranged into stacks called ____. - ✔✔grana
✔✔In a mature plant cell, ____ may occupy more than 90% of the cell's volume. -
✔✔the central vacuole
✔✔What is the purpose of the organization of the photosynthetic pigments into
photosystems? - ✔✔to optimize the capture of light energy
✔✔Chromatin consists of ____. - ✔✔DNA and associated proteins
✔✔Which products of the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle? - ✔✔ATP and
NADPH
✔✔It has been thought that many diseases now associated with aging are related to
malfunctioning mitochondria. Why are the mitochondria so important to all cells? -
✔✔They produce energy in the form of ATP.
✔✔The surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane is greatly increased by ____.
- ✔✔cristae
✔✔P700 is located in photosystem(s) ____ and is comprised of chlorophyll ____. - ✔✔I;
a
✔✔Refer to the accompanying figure. In what part of the mitochondrion or cell do the
following steps of cellular respiration take place? Not all choices will be used; some may
be used more than once. - ✔✔pyruvate oxidation = matrix (inner compartment),
glycolysis = cytosol,
electron transfer system = inner membrane,
citric acid cycle = matrix (inner compartment),
ATP synthesis = inner membrane
