DUKE ECS 101 EXAM 3 | COMPREHENSIVE
EXAM PREP, PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
CORRECT ANSWERS AND STUDY GUIDE
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is metamorphic rock? formed by heat and pressure applied to other types of rocks (sedimentary, igneous)
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What are the two kinds of physical compression -> foliation
deformation to metamorphic rocks? shear stress -> grains skewed, become enlarged
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What are the four kinds of recrystallization, phase change, neocrystalization, pressure solution
metamorphic change?
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is recrystallization? - smaller crystals to bigger crystals
- minerals change in size and shape but not composition
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is Phase Change? - within the solid state
- "solid state phase charge"
- crystals of same material but with different atomic structures are known as polymorphs
- crystals under heat and pressure have a change in structure by which their atoms are
bonded together are changed
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is Neocrystallization? - something new, wasn't there before forms
- during metamorphism, atoms are mobilized from existing minerals and combine to form
completely new minerals
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What are polymorphs? Different versions of minerals that result from phase change
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is pressure solution? at low temp and pressure, minerals dissolve at pressure surfaces between grains, causing
grains to fuse together
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: what is foliated metamorphic rock - exhibit some form of mineral alignment due to shear or normal stress
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is slate (cleavage foliation)? - extremely fine grained
- grains aligned by compression (slaty cleavage)
- minor mineralization due to pressure solution
- dark, dull surface
- slate breaks nicely (flat)
, Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is a phyllite (crenulation - fine grained
foliation)? - significant neo-crystallization of micas alongside deformation
- significantly sheared compressed grains (crenulation)
- shiny, "satin-sheen" surface
- 0.5 mm thin section
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is schist (schistose foliation)? - fine to coarse grained
- heavily sheared grains (schistosity)
- significant neo-crystallization of micas and other minerals
- shiny, sparkly mineral surface
- high temps and pressures, mountain event
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is gneiss (banded foliation)? -medium to coarse grained
- crystalline grains separated into light and dark bands
- heavily recrystallized
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is a protolith? The rock before the change.
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is marble and its protolith? Limestone is the protolith to marble. Made up of CaCO3
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is quartzite and its protolith? Quartz sandstone is the protolith to quartzite. Made up of SiO2. Low pressure
metamorphism.
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What are hornfels? Non foliated metamorphic rock that results from heating and little to no pressure. They
"bake" in the ground surrounded by other rocks but being close to the surface.
Metamorphic Rocks Review: What is the definition of a formed from heat and pressure applied to other types of rocks
metamorphic rock?
Metamorphic Rocks Review: What is "normal stress" and what grains begin to be aligned because they are in a pressured direction. physical
kind of deformation does it result in? deformation, compression, and extension
Metamorphic Rocks Review: What is "shear stress"? How does - grains skewed and become elonged, physical deformation
this geometrically deform the grains? - melts and has bendy crystalline structure
Metamorphic Rocks Review: Explain recrystallization, being - smaller crystals to bigger crystals
mindful of whether the final chemical composition is the same - minerals change in size and shape but not composition
as the protolith or not
EXAM PREP, PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
CORRECT ANSWERS AND STUDY GUIDE
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is metamorphic rock? formed by heat and pressure applied to other types of rocks (sedimentary, igneous)
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What are the two kinds of physical compression -> foliation
deformation to metamorphic rocks? shear stress -> grains skewed, become enlarged
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What are the four kinds of recrystallization, phase change, neocrystalization, pressure solution
metamorphic change?
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is recrystallization? - smaller crystals to bigger crystals
- minerals change in size and shape but not composition
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is Phase Change? - within the solid state
- "solid state phase charge"
- crystals of same material but with different atomic structures are known as polymorphs
- crystals under heat and pressure have a change in structure by which their atoms are
bonded together are changed
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is Neocrystallization? - something new, wasn't there before forms
- during metamorphism, atoms are mobilized from existing minerals and combine to form
completely new minerals
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What are polymorphs? Different versions of minerals that result from phase change
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is pressure solution? at low temp and pressure, minerals dissolve at pressure surfaces between grains, causing
grains to fuse together
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: what is foliated metamorphic rock - exhibit some form of mineral alignment due to shear or normal stress
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is slate (cleavage foliation)? - extremely fine grained
- grains aligned by compression (slaty cleavage)
- minor mineralization due to pressure solution
- dark, dull surface
- slate breaks nicely (flat)
, Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is a phyllite (crenulation - fine grained
foliation)? - significant neo-crystallization of micas alongside deformation
- significantly sheared compressed grains (crenulation)
- shiny, "satin-sheen" surface
- 0.5 mm thin section
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is schist (schistose foliation)? - fine to coarse grained
- heavily sheared grains (schistosity)
- significant neo-crystallization of micas and other minerals
- shiny, sparkly mineral surface
- high temps and pressures, mountain event
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is gneiss (banded foliation)? -medium to coarse grained
- crystalline grains separated into light and dark bands
- heavily recrystallized
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is a protolith? The rock before the change.
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is marble and its protolith? Limestone is the protolith to marble. Made up of CaCO3
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What is quartzite and its protolith? Quartz sandstone is the protolith to quartzite. Made up of SiO2. Low pressure
metamorphism.
Metamorphic Rock Lecture: What are hornfels? Non foliated metamorphic rock that results from heating and little to no pressure. They
"bake" in the ground surrounded by other rocks but being close to the surface.
Metamorphic Rocks Review: What is the definition of a formed from heat and pressure applied to other types of rocks
metamorphic rock?
Metamorphic Rocks Review: What is "normal stress" and what grains begin to be aligned because they are in a pressured direction. physical
kind of deformation does it result in? deformation, compression, and extension
Metamorphic Rocks Review: What is "shear stress"? How does - grains skewed and become elonged, physical deformation
this geometrically deform the grains? - melts and has bendy crystalline structure
Metamorphic Rocks Review: Explain recrystallization, being - smaller crystals to bigger crystals
mindful of whether the final chemical composition is the same - minerals change in size and shape but not composition
as the protolith or not
