An introduction to
22-8-2026
child development
Keenan, Evans & Crowley
Wouters, E.W.H. (Esmée)
ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 4: The biological foundations of development........................................................................................4
The course of physical growth...............................................................................................................................4
Prenatal development.......................................................................................................................................4
Fetal learning.....................................................................................................................................................5
Geboorte...........................................................................................................................................................6
Prematuriteit.....................................................................................................................................................6
Groeipatronen...................................................................................................................................................6
Environmental factors in physical growht: nutrition.........................................................................................7
Motorische ontwikkeling (Motor Development)..................................................................................................7
Rijping versus ervaring (maturation vs. Experience).........................................................................................7
Grove en fijne motorische ontwikkeling (gross and fine motor development)................................................8
Motorische ontwikkeling als dynamisch systeem.............................................................................................9
De ontwikkeling van motorische vaardigheden buiten kinderschoenen - Gallahue........................................9
Genen..................................................................................................................................................................10
Genen en omgeving........................................................................................................................................11
Gedragsgenetica..............................................................................................................................................12
Heritability.......................................................................................................................................................12
Epigenetica..........................................................................................................................................................13
A Mother’s Lick Experiment................................................................................................................................13
Research designs in behaviour genetics..............................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 5: The biological foundations of development – the developing brain.................................................15
Micro-level structures of the brain......................................................................................................................15
Developmental Neuroscience.............................................................................................................................16
Onderzoek: Exposure to maternal depression and brain development in children.......................................16
Synaptic profileration and pruning..................................................................................................................16
Myelination.....................................................................................................................................................17
Neuroplasticity................................................................................................................................................18
Sensitive periods.............................................................................................................................................18
Growth spurts..................................................................................................................................................18
Brain stimulation.............................................................................................................................................19
Hoofstuk 6: Perceptie..............................................................................................................................................20
Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................................20
Waarom studeren we perceptie?........................................................................................................................20
Theorieën van perceptuele ontwikkeling............................................................................................................20
Nativistische visie................................................................................................................................................21
Piaget’s theorie van perceptuele ontwikkeling...............................................................................................21
Gibson’s theorie van perceptuele ontwikkeling..............................................................................................22
Manieren van het bestuderen van perceptuele ontwikkeling bij baby’s............................................................22
, De ontwikkeling van de zintuigen........................................................................................................................23
Voelen (touch).................................................................................................................................................23
Proeven (taste)................................................................................................................................................25
Ruiken (smell)..................................................................................................................................................25
Horen (hearing)...............................................................................................................................................25
De ontwikkeling van het zicht.............................................................................................................................26
Gezichtsscherpte.............................................................................................................................................26
Kleurwaarneming............................................................................................................................................26
Patroon perceptie............................................................................................................................................27
Objectperceptie...............................................................................................................................................27
Gezichtperceptie.............................................................................................................................................28
Diepte perceptie..............................................................................................................................................28
Intermodale perceptie.....................................................................................................................................29
Perceptuele ontwikkeling over de gehele levensduur........................................................................................29
Samenvatting.......................................................................................................................................................29
Woordenlijst........................................................................................................................................................30
Hoofdstuk 7: theorien van cognitieve ontwikkeling................................................................................................32
Jean Piaget’s theorie van cognitieve ontwikkeling..............................................................................................32
De sleutelconcepten van de theorie van Piaget:.............................................................................................32
Fasen van cognitieve ontwikkeling Piaget...........................................................................................................33
Kritiek op de theorie van Piaget......................................................................................................................36
Educatieve toepassingen van de theorie van Piaget.......................................................................................36
Vygotsky’s socioculturele theorie van cognitieve ontwikkeling..........................................................................37
De zone van proximale ontwikkeling (ZPD/ZPO).............................................................................................37
Taal en spel......................................................................................................................................................37
De gevolgen van Vygotsky’s theorie voor het onderwijs................................................................................38
Kritiek op de theorie van Vygotsky..................................................................................................................38
Informatieverwerkingstheorieën – Klahr, MacWhinney, Siegler, Case...............................................................38
Het informatieverwerkingssysteem................................................................................................................39
Een neo-piagetiaanse theorie van cognitieve ontwikkeling............................................................................39
Connectionisme...............................................................................................................................................40
Hoofdstuk 8: Cognitive processes...........................................................................................................................41
Aandacht.............................................................................................................................................................41
Aspecten van aandacht...................................................................................................................................41
Aandachtsstrategieën......................................................................................................................................41
Aandacht als cognitief hulpmiddel..................................................................................................................41
Geheugen............................................................................................................................................................42
Geheugen ophalen..........................................................................................................................................42
Geheugenstrategieën......................................................................................................................................43
Metacognitie.......................................................................................................................................................43
Problemen oplossen............................................................................................................................................44
, Hoofdstuk 9: the development of language and communication..........................................................................45
Theorieën van de ontwikkeling van taal..............................................................................................................45
Preverbale communicatie: non-verbale voorlopers van de taalontwikkeling....................................................46
Fonologische ontwikkeling: ontwikkeling en begrip van spraakklanken.............................................................46
Semantische ontwikkeling: hoe we woordbetekenissen leren...........................................................................47
De ontwikkeling van grammatica/syntax: regels die aangeven hoe woorden gecombineerd moeten worden
tot zinnen............................................................................................................................................................48
De ontwikkeling van pragmatiek: hoe taal gebruikt wordt om communicatieve doelen te bereiken (b.v.
sarcasme, beleefd communiceren).....................................................................................................................48
Onderzoek: Spraak- en emotieproblemen bij kinderen kunnen elkaar wederzijds beïnvloeden.......................49
Hoofdstuk 10: Emotionele ontwikkeling.................................................................................................................51
Emotionele ontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................................51
Hechting..............................................................................................................................................................54
Temperament......................................................................................................................................................56
Hoofdstuk 11: sociale ontwikkeling.........................................................................................................................59
Theorieën van sociale ontwikkeling....................................................................................................................59
Soorten spelen en hun functies - Parten.............................................................................................................60
De sociale ontwikkeling.......................................................................................................................................61
Determinanten (factoren die invloed hebben op de gezondheid van mensen) van acceptatie van
leeftijdsgenoten...................................................................................................................................................62
Vriendschap.........................................................................................................................................................63
Sociale cognitieve ontwikkeling..........................................................................................................................63
Hoofdstuk 11: Morele ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................67
Emotionele ontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................................67
Theorieën van morele ontwikkeling....................................................................................................................67
Leertheorie en sociale leertheorie..................................................................................................................67
Theorie van Piaget op morele ontwikkeling....................................................................................................67
Theorie van Kohlberg op morele ontwikkeling...............................................................................................68
Emotie en moraliteit............................................................................................................................................69
Moreel redeneren en moraal gedrag..................................................................................................................69
Agressie...............................................................................................................................................................70
22-8-2026
child development
Keenan, Evans & Crowley
Wouters, E.W.H. (Esmée)
ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIE
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 4: The biological foundations of development........................................................................................4
The course of physical growth...............................................................................................................................4
Prenatal development.......................................................................................................................................4
Fetal learning.....................................................................................................................................................5
Geboorte...........................................................................................................................................................6
Prematuriteit.....................................................................................................................................................6
Groeipatronen...................................................................................................................................................6
Environmental factors in physical growht: nutrition.........................................................................................7
Motorische ontwikkeling (Motor Development)..................................................................................................7
Rijping versus ervaring (maturation vs. Experience).........................................................................................7
Grove en fijne motorische ontwikkeling (gross and fine motor development)................................................8
Motorische ontwikkeling als dynamisch systeem.............................................................................................9
De ontwikkeling van motorische vaardigheden buiten kinderschoenen - Gallahue........................................9
Genen..................................................................................................................................................................10
Genen en omgeving........................................................................................................................................11
Gedragsgenetica..............................................................................................................................................12
Heritability.......................................................................................................................................................12
Epigenetica..........................................................................................................................................................13
A Mother’s Lick Experiment................................................................................................................................13
Research designs in behaviour genetics..............................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 5: The biological foundations of development – the developing brain.................................................15
Micro-level structures of the brain......................................................................................................................15
Developmental Neuroscience.............................................................................................................................16
Onderzoek: Exposure to maternal depression and brain development in children.......................................16
Synaptic profileration and pruning..................................................................................................................16
Myelination.....................................................................................................................................................17
Neuroplasticity................................................................................................................................................18
Sensitive periods.............................................................................................................................................18
Growth spurts..................................................................................................................................................18
Brain stimulation.............................................................................................................................................19
Hoofstuk 6: Perceptie..............................................................................................................................................20
Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................................20
Waarom studeren we perceptie?........................................................................................................................20
Theorieën van perceptuele ontwikkeling............................................................................................................20
Nativistische visie................................................................................................................................................21
Piaget’s theorie van perceptuele ontwikkeling...............................................................................................21
Gibson’s theorie van perceptuele ontwikkeling..............................................................................................22
Manieren van het bestuderen van perceptuele ontwikkeling bij baby’s............................................................22
, De ontwikkeling van de zintuigen........................................................................................................................23
Voelen (touch).................................................................................................................................................23
Proeven (taste)................................................................................................................................................25
Ruiken (smell)..................................................................................................................................................25
Horen (hearing)...............................................................................................................................................25
De ontwikkeling van het zicht.............................................................................................................................26
Gezichtsscherpte.............................................................................................................................................26
Kleurwaarneming............................................................................................................................................26
Patroon perceptie............................................................................................................................................27
Objectperceptie...............................................................................................................................................27
Gezichtperceptie.............................................................................................................................................28
Diepte perceptie..............................................................................................................................................28
Intermodale perceptie.....................................................................................................................................29
Perceptuele ontwikkeling over de gehele levensduur........................................................................................29
Samenvatting.......................................................................................................................................................29
Woordenlijst........................................................................................................................................................30
Hoofdstuk 7: theorien van cognitieve ontwikkeling................................................................................................32
Jean Piaget’s theorie van cognitieve ontwikkeling..............................................................................................32
De sleutelconcepten van de theorie van Piaget:.............................................................................................32
Fasen van cognitieve ontwikkeling Piaget...........................................................................................................33
Kritiek op de theorie van Piaget......................................................................................................................36
Educatieve toepassingen van de theorie van Piaget.......................................................................................36
Vygotsky’s socioculturele theorie van cognitieve ontwikkeling..........................................................................37
De zone van proximale ontwikkeling (ZPD/ZPO).............................................................................................37
Taal en spel......................................................................................................................................................37
De gevolgen van Vygotsky’s theorie voor het onderwijs................................................................................38
Kritiek op de theorie van Vygotsky..................................................................................................................38
Informatieverwerkingstheorieën – Klahr, MacWhinney, Siegler, Case...............................................................38
Het informatieverwerkingssysteem................................................................................................................39
Een neo-piagetiaanse theorie van cognitieve ontwikkeling............................................................................39
Connectionisme...............................................................................................................................................40
Hoofdstuk 8: Cognitive processes...........................................................................................................................41
Aandacht.............................................................................................................................................................41
Aspecten van aandacht...................................................................................................................................41
Aandachtsstrategieën......................................................................................................................................41
Aandacht als cognitief hulpmiddel..................................................................................................................41
Geheugen............................................................................................................................................................42
Geheugen ophalen..........................................................................................................................................42
Geheugenstrategieën......................................................................................................................................43
Metacognitie.......................................................................................................................................................43
Problemen oplossen............................................................................................................................................44
, Hoofdstuk 9: the development of language and communication..........................................................................45
Theorieën van de ontwikkeling van taal..............................................................................................................45
Preverbale communicatie: non-verbale voorlopers van de taalontwikkeling....................................................46
Fonologische ontwikkeling: ontwikkeling en begrip van spraakklanken.............................................................46
Semantische ontwikkeling: hoe we woordbetekenissen leren...........................................................................47
De ontwikkeling van grammatica/syntax: regels die aangeven hoe woorden gecombineerd moeten worden
tot zinnen............................................................................................................................................................48
De ontwikkeling van pragmatiek: hoe taal gebruikt wordt om communicatieve doelen te bereiken (b.v.
sarcasme, beleefd communiceren).....................................................................................................................48
Onderzoek: Spraak- en emotieproblemen bij kinderen kunnen elkaar wederzijds beïnvloeden.......................49
Hoofdstuk 10: Emotionele ontwikkeling.................................................................................................................51
Emotionele ontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................................51
Hechting..............................................................................................................................................................54
Temperament......................................................................................................................................................56
Hoofdstuk 11: sociale ontwikkeling.........................................................................................................................59
Theorieën van sociale ontwikkeling....................................................................................................................59
Soorten spelen en hun functies - Parten.............................................................................................................60
De sociale ontwikkeling.......................................................................................................................................61
Determinanten (factoren die invloed hebben op de gezondheid van mensen) van acceptatie van
leeftijdsgenoten...................................................................................................................................................62
Vriendschap.........................................................................................................................................................63
Sociale cognitieve ontwikkeling..........................................................................................................................63
Hoofdstuk 11: Morele ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................67
Emotionele ontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................................67
Theorieën van morele ontwikkeling....................................................................................................................67
Leertheorie en sociale leertheorie..................................................................................................................67
Theorie van Piaget op morele ontwikkeling....................................................................................................67
Theorie van Kohlberg op morele ontwikkeling...............................................................................................68
Emotie en moraliteit............................................................................................................................................69
Moreel redeneren en moraal gedrag..................................................................................................................69
Agressie...............................................................................................................................................................70
