Biology 103 final exam
Metabolism
The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Response to stimuli
The ability of living things to react to changes in their environment.
Growth
The process of increasing in physical size.
Cells
The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all living organisms.
Homeostasis
The ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
Energy use
The consumption of energy to perform biological processes.
Evolution
The change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
Levels of organization in nature
Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Organ → Organ System → Organism → Population →
Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere
Taxonomy levels
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Binomial nomenclature
Two-name system: Genus species
Atom
Basic unit of matter.
, Element
Substance of one type of atom.
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom.
Atomic mass
Protons + neutrons in an atom.
Isotope
Same element, different neutrons.
Organic compound
Contains carbon and hydrogen.
Inorganic compound
Does not contain both carbon and hydrogen.
Condensation reaction
Builds molecules, releases water.
Hydrolysis reaction
Breaks molecules, uses water.
Carbohydrate
Energy molecule; sugars and starches.
Protein
Made of amino acids; structure and enzymes.
Lipid
Hydrophobic fats; long-term energy.
Nucleic acid
DNA and RNA.
Metabolism
The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Response to stimuli
The ability of living things to react to changes in their environment.
Growth
The process of increasing in physical size.
Cells
The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all living organisms.
Homeostasis
The ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
Energy use
The consumption of energy to perform biological processes.
Evolution
The change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
Levels of organization in nature
Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Organ → Organ System → Organism → Population →
Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere
Taxonomy levels
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Binomial nomenclature
Two-name system: Genus species
Atom
Basic unit of matter.
, Element
Substance of one type of atom.
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom.
Atomic mass
Protons + neutrons in an atom.
Isotope
Same element, different neutrons.
Organic compound
Contains carbon and hydrogen.
Inorganic compound
Does not contain both carbon and hydrogen.
Condensation reaction
Builds molecules, releases water.
Hydrolysis reaction
Breaks molecules, uses water.
Carbohydrate
Energy molecule; sugars and starches.
Protein
Made of amino acids; structure and enzymes.
Lipid
Hydrophobic fats; long-term energy.
Nucleic acid
DNA and RNA.
