NR283 Pathophysiology Exam UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Patho- - CORRECT ANSWER relating to disease
Pathology - CORRECT ANSWER study of disease
Pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER A disease causing agent
Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER development of disease
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of functional or physiologic changes in the
body resulting from a disease process
Why is pathophysiology important in nursing? - CORRECT ANSWER nurses use knowledge
of changes in the body to to recognize clinical manifestations of alterations in health, determine what
the cues mean, understand how illnesses are diagnosed, and consider what risk factors and prevention
methods are associated with a particular disease. This allows the nurse to help the patient achieve
homeostasis again and achieve optimal health.
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER the maintenance of a relatively stable internal
environment regardless of external changes
Ways to achieve health - CORRECT ANSWER -regular physical activity
-follow cancer screening guidelines
-visit healthcare provider when any change in normal state of health is noticed
-follow safety instructions when handling hazardous materials
-use protection from the sun
-eat 5 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables daily
,Body systems - CORRECT ANSWER cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal,
genitourinary, hematological, integumentary, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, neurological, pulmonary,
reproductive, sensory
Pathophysiological processes - CORRECT ANSWER Biological mechanisms underlying
health conditions.
-cellular regulation; cognition; fluid, electrolyte, acid-base imbalances; genetics; hormonal and
glucose regulation; immunity; infection; intracranial regulation; mobility/immobility; oxygenation;
pain; perfusion; sensory perception; stress response; substance use; tissue integrity
Idiopathic - CORRECT ANSWER unknown cause
Acute disease - CORRECT ANSWER short term, develops quickly
Chronic disease - CORRECT ANSWER a disease that develops gradually and continues over a
long period of time
What can harm a cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -physical damage: extreme temperatures,
hypoxia, radiation
-mechanical damage: pressure or tearing of the tissue
-chemical toxins: exogenous (from the environment) or endogenous (from inside the body)
-internal issues: nutritional deficits, fluid/electrolyte imbalance
Risk factor - CORRECT ANSWER something that increases a person's chances of developing
a disease
Risk factors for disease development - CORRECT ANSWER age, gender, genetics,
environment (smoking, diet, sun exposure, lack of healthcare services, level of safety), and activity
level (lack of exercise)
Prophylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER anything that prevents disease
Examples: vaccines, screening, community health programs, preventative checkups
, Chemical hazards - CORRECT ANSWER harmful chemicals in the air, water, soil, and food
Examples: heavy metals (lead, mercury); acids and bases; inhalants (gas, solvents)
Tissue damage can result from a large dose in a single incidence or from repeated exposures to small
amounts
Physical hazards - CORRECT ANSWER temperature extremes, radiation hazards, noise
hazards
Biological hazards - CORRECT ANSWER microorganisms in food and water, animal toxins,
infections, allergic reactions to insects
Primary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER True prevention that lowers the chances
that a disease will develop
Examples: immunization, health education, safety equipment, exercise, healthy diet
Secondary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER occurs after exposure before the
diagnosis; early detection
Examples: cancer screenings, dental check ups
Tertiary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER managing the condition once it occurs
Examples: stroke rehabilitation, physical therapy, medication regiment
Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER identification of a disease
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER cause of disease
Prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER the anticipated or expected course or outcome; probability
of recovery
Clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER signs and symptoms of the disease
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Patho- - CORRECT ANSWER relating to disease
Pathology - CORRECT ANSWER study of disease
Pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER A disease causing agent
Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER development of disease
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of functional or physiologic changes in the
body resulting from a disease process
Why is pathophysiology important in nursing? - CORRECT ANSWER nurses use knowledge
of changes in the body to to recognize clinical manifestations of alterations in health, determine what
the cues mean, understand how illnesses are diagnosed, and consider what risk factors and prevention
methods are associated with a particular disease. This allows the nurse to help the patient achieve
homeostasis again and achieve optimal health.
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER the maintenance of a relatively stable internal
environment regardless of external changes
Ways to achieve health - CORRECT ANSWER -regular physical activity
-follow cancer screening guidelines
-visit healthcare provider when any change in normal state of health is noticed
-follow safety instructions when handling hazardous materials
-use protection from the sun
-eat 5 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables daily
,Body systems - CORRECT ANSWER cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal,
genitourinary, hematological, integumentary, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, neurological, pulmonary,
reproductive, sensory
Pathophysiological processes - CORRECT ANSWER Biological mechanisms underlying
health conditions.
-cellular regulation; cognition; fluid, electrolyte, acid-base imbalances; genetics; hormonal and
glucose regulation; immunity; infection; intracranial regulation; mobility/immobility; oxygenation;
pain; perfusion; sensory perception; stress response; substance use; tissue integrity
Idiopathic - CORRECT ANSWER unknown cause
Acute disease - CORRECT ANSWER short term, develops quickly
Chronic disease - CORRECT ANSWER a disease that develops gradually and continues over a
long period of time
What can harm a cell? - CORRECT ANSWER -physical damage: extreme temperatures,
hypoxia, radiation
-mechanical damage: pressure or tearing of the tissue
-chemical toxins: exogenous (from the environment) or endogenous (from inside the body)
-internal issues: nutritional deficits, fluid/electrolyte imbalance
Risk factor - CORRECT ANSWER something that increases a person's chances of developing
a disease
Risk factors for disease development - CORRECT ANSWER age, gender, genetics,
environment (smoking, diet, sun exposure, lack of healthcare services, level of safety), and activity
level (lack of exercise)
Prophylaxis - CORRECT ANSWER anything that prevents disease
Examples: vaccines, screening, community health programs, preventative checkups
, Chemical hazards - CORRECT ANSWER harmful chemicals in the air, water, soil, and food
Examples: heavy metals (lead, mercury); acids and bases; inhalants (gas, solvents)
Tissue damage can result from a large dose in a single incidence or from repeated exposures to small
amounts
Physical hazards - CORRECT ANSWER temperature extremes, radiation hazards, noise
hazards
Biological hazards - CORRECT ANSWER microorganisms in food and water, animal toxins,
infections, allergic reactions to insects
Primary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER True prevention that lowers the chances
that a disease will develop
Examples: immunization, health education, safety equipment, exercise, healthy diet
Secondary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER occurs after exposure before the
diagnosis; early detection
Examples: cancer screenings, dental check ups
Tertiary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER managing the condition once it occurs
Examples: stroke rehabilitation, physical therapy, medication regiment
Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER identification of a disease
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER cause of disease
Prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER the anticipated or expected course or outcome; probability
of recovery
Clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER signs and symptoms of the disease
