UT Arlington BIOL 2457 Exam 3 (pdf) | 2026/2027 | Human Anatomy
& Physiology I Q&A | Anatomy
1. A muscle that opposes the action of a prime mover is called a(n):
A) Agonist
B) Antagonist
C) Synergist
D) Fixator
Correct Answer: Antagonist
Rationale: An antagonist is a muscle that opposes the action of a prime
mover (agonist). It helps to control the movement and prevent overshooting.
Synergists assist the prime mover, and fixators stabilize the origin of the
prime mover.
2. The point of attachment of a muscle to the stationary bone is the:
A) Origin
B) Insertion
C) Belly
D) Tendon
Correct Answer: Origin
Rationale: The origin is the attachment of a muscle to the bone that remains
relatively fixed or stationary during contraction. The insertion is the
attachment to the bone that moves.
3. The point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves during
contraction is the:
A) Origin
B) Insertion
C) Belly
D) Ligament
,Correct Answer: Insertion
Rationale: The insertion is the attachment of a muscle to the bone that
moves when the muscle contracts. The origin is the relatively stationary
attachment.
4. The fleshy part of a muscle between the origin and insertion is the:
A) Belly
B) Tendon
C) Aponeurosis
D) Fascia
Correct Answer: Belly
Rationale: The belly is the central, fleshy portion of a muscle between the
origin and insertion. It is the main contractile portion of the muscle.
5. Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of muscles?
A) Agonist
B) Antagonist
C) Synergist
D) Flexor
Correct Answer: Flexor
Rationale: "Flexor" is a structural classification based on action, not a
functional classification. Functional classifications (agonists, antagonists,
synergists, and fixators) describe how muscles work together to produce
movement.
6. The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the
applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called:
A) First-class levers
B) Second-class levers
,C) Third-class levers
D) Fourth-class levers
Correct Answer: Third-class levers
Rationale: In a third-class lever, the effort (applied force) is between the
fulcrum and the load. This is the most common type of lever in the body and
allows for speed and range of motion.
7. In a first-class lever, the fulcrum is located:
A) Between the load and the effort
B) At one end, with the load in the middle
C) At one end, with the effort in the middle
D) Outside the load and effort
Correct Answer: Between the load and the effort
Rationale: In a first-class lever, the fulcrum is positioned between the load
and the effort. An example in the body is the atlanto-occipital joint.
8. The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the:
A) Fast glycolytic fiber
B) Fast oxidative fiber
C) Slow oxidative fiber
D) Type IIb fiber
Correct Answer: Slow oxidative fiber
Rationale: Slow oxidative fibers (Type I) are fatigue-resistant because they
rely on aerobic metabolism. They have a rich blood supply and many
mitochondria.
9. Fast muscle fibers can adapt to aerobic metabolism by generating more
mitochondria in response to:
A) Rest and inactivity
, B) Repeated, exhaustive stimulation
C) Increased oxygen intake
D) Decreased blood flow
Correct Answer: Repeated, exhaustive stimulation
Rationale: Fast muscle fibers can adapt to become more aerobic (oxidative)
by generating more mitochondria in response to repeated, exhaustive
stimulation (endurance training).
10. The delicate connective tissue that surrounds individual skeletal muscle
fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the:
A) Epimysium
B) Perimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Sarcolemma
Correct Answer: Endomysium
Rationale: The endomysium is the thin layer of connective tissue that
surrounds each individual muscle fiber.
11. The dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds an entire skeletal
muscle is the:
A) Epimysium
B) Perimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Fascia
Correct Answer: Epimysium
Rationale: The epimysium is the dense fibrous connective tissue that
surrounds the entire muscle. It is continuous with the tendon.
& Physiology I Q&A | Anatomy
1. A muscle that opposes the action of a prime mover is called a(n):
A) Agonist
B) Antagonist
C) Synergist
D) Fixator
Correct Answer: Antagonist
Rationale: An antagonist is a muscle that opposes the action of a prime
mover (agonist). It helps to control the movement and prevent overshooting.
Synergists assist the prime mover, and fixators stabilize the origin of the
prime mover.
2. The point of attachment of a muscle to the stationary bone is the:
A) Origin
B) Insertion
C) Belly
D) Tendon
Correct Answer: Origin
Rationale: The origin is the attachment of a muscle to the bone that remains
relatively fixed or stationary during contraction. The insertion is the
attachment to the bone that moves.
3. The point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves during
contraction is the:
A) Origin
B) Insertion
C) Belly
D) Ligament
,Correct Answer: Insertion
Rationale: The insertion is the attachment of a muscle to the bone that
moves when the muscle contracts. The origin is the relatively stationary
attachment.
4. The fleshy part of a muscle between the origin and insertion is the:
A) Belly
B) Tendon
C) Aponeurosis
D) Fascia
Correct Answer: Belly
Rationale: The belly is the central, fleshy portion of a muscle between the
origin and insertion. It is the main contractile portion of the muscle.
5. Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of muscles?
A) Agonist
B) Antagonist
C) Synergist
D) Flexor
Correct Answer: Flexor
Rationale: "Flexor" is a structural classification based on action, not a
functional classification. Functional classifications (agonists, antagonists,
synergists, and fixators) describe how muscles work together to produce
movement.
6. The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the
applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called:
A) First-class levers
B) Second-class levers
,C) Third-class levers
D) Fourth-class levers
Correct Answer: Third-class levers
Rationale: In a third-class lever, the effort (applied force) is between the
fulcrum and the load. This is the most common type of lever in the body and
allows for speed and range of motion.
7. In a first-class lever, the fulcrum is located:
A) Between the load and the effort
B) At one end, with the load in the middle
C) At one end, with the effort in the middle
D) Outside the load and effort
Correct Answer: Between the load and the effort
Rationale: In a first-class lever, the fulcrum is positioned between the load
and the effort. An example in the body is the atlanto-occipital joint.
8. The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the:
A) Fast glycolytic fiber
B) Fast oxidative fiber
C) Slow oxidative fiber
D) Type IIb fiber
Correct Answer: Slow oxidative fiber
Rationale: Slow oxidative fibers (Type I) are fatigue-resistant because they
rely on aerobic metabolism. They have a rich blood supply and many
mitochondria.
9. Fast muscle fibers can adapt to aerobic metabolism by generating more
mitochondria in response to:
A) Rest and inactivity
, B) Repeated, exhaustive stimulation
C) Increased oxygen intake
D) Decreased blood flow
Correct Answer: Repeated, exhaustive stimulation
Rationale: Fast muscle fibers can adapt to become more aerobic (oxidative)
by generating more mitochondria in response to repeated, exhaustive
stimulation (endurance training).
10. The delicate connective tissue that surrounds individual skeletal muscle
fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the:
A) Epimysium
B) Perimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Sarcolemma
Correct Answer: Endomysium
Rationale: The endomysium is the thin layer of connective tissue that
surrounds each individual muscle fiber.
11. The dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds an entire skeletal
muscle is the:
A) Epimysium
B) Perimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Fascia
Correct Answer: Epimysium
Rationale: The epimysium is the dense fibrous connective tissue that
surrounds the entire muscle. It is continuous with the tendon.
