BIOS242 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
TEST QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FULLY
VERIFIED
●● Sterilization
Answer: Complete removal or destruction of all viable microorganisms
on inanimate objects.
●● Antisepsis / Degermation
Answer: Application of chemicals to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit
vegetative pathogens.
●● Decontamination / Sanitization
Answer: The mechanical removal of most microbes.
●● Pasteurization (Flash method)
Answer: Heat treatment at 71.6 °C for 15 seconds to kill pathogens
while retaining flavor.
●● Pasteurization (Batch method)
Answer: Heat treatment at 63 °C to 66 °C for 30 minutes.
, ●● Ionizing radiation
Answer: X-rays, cathode, and gamma rays that remove electrons and
sterilize food.
●● Nonionizing radiation (UV)
Answer: Raises atoms to higher energy, creating pyrimidine dimers that
disrupt DNA replication.
●● Halogens
Answer: Group 7 elements (fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine) that act
as microbicides.
●● Antimicrobials
Answer: All-inclusive term for any drug targeting any type of
microorganism.
●● Antibiotics
Answer: Chemicals produced naturally or synthetically that target and
inhibit or destroy bacteria.
●● Broad spectrum antibiotics
Answer: Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbes,
like tetracycline.
TEST QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FULLY
VERIFIED
●● Sterilization
Answer: Complete removal or destruction of all viable microorganisms
on inanimate objects.
●● Antisepsis / Degermation
Answer: Application of chemicals to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit
vegetative pathogens.
●● Decontamination / Sanitization
Answer: The mechanical removal of most microbes.
●● Pasteurization (Flash method)
Answer: Heat treatment at 71.6 °C for 15 seconds to kill pathogens
while retaining flavor.
●● Pasteurization (Batch method)
Answer: Heat treatment at 63 °C to 66 °C for 30 minutes.
, ●● Ionizing radiation
Answer: X-rays, cathode, and gamma rays that remove electrons and
sterilize food.
●● Nonionizing radiation (UV)
Answer: Raises atoms to higher energy, creating pyrimidine dimers that
disrupt DNA replication.
●● Halogens
Answer: Group 7 elements (fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine) that act
as microbicides.
●● Antimicrobials
Answer: All-inclusive term for any drug targeting any type of
microorganism.
●● Antibiotics
Answer: Chemicals produced naturally or synthetically that target and
inhibit or destroy bacteria.
●● Broad spectrum antibiotics
Answer: Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbes,
like tetracycline.
