NU 185 Exam 1 – Med-Surg Nursing II – (2026)
Actual Questions & Answers (Galen) 100%
Guarantee Pass
Neurological Nursing - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
1. A client newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis asks the nurse what causes
the symptoms. Which is the best explanation?
• A. "Your body's immune system attacks the muscles in your body."
• B. "Your nerves are slowly being destroyed by bacterial infection."
• C. "The disease causes damage to the protective covering of nerves in your
brain and spinal cord."
• D. "It's a genetic disease that prevents your nerves from growing properly."
Answer: C. MS is an autoimmune condition that leads to demyelination (damage
to the myelin sheath) in the central nervous system, which disrupts nerve signal
transmission .
Rationale: The immune system attacks the myelin sheath, not the muscles
directly. MS is not bacterial, and while genetics may play a role, it is not purely a
genetic disease.
2. Which assessment finding is most consistent with multiple sclerosis?
• A. Sudden chest pain and elevated cardiac enzymes
• B. Progressive vision changes and fatigue
• C. Productive cough with green sputum
• D. Persistent abdominal bloating and right lower quadrant pain
Answer: B. Fatigue and visual disturbances (diplopia, blurred vision) are classic
symptoms of MS .
,Rationale: MS affects the central nervous system, causing progressive symptoms
like vision problems, fatigue, gait disturbances, and bowel dysfunction . Options
A, C, and D suggest cardiac, respiratory, or gastrointestinal issues.
3. A client with MS reports fatigue, vision problems, and difficulty walking.
What is the nurse's priority intervention?
• A. Encourage the client to perform high-intensity exercise
• B. Provide support with ambulation and fall precautions
• C. Increase fiber intake for bowel regularity
• D. Encourage the client to wear sunglasses indoors
Answer: B. Vision problems and gait disturbances significantly increase the
client's risk for falls, making safety and mobility support the top priority .
Rationale: The priority is to prevent injury. High-intensity exercise could worsen
fatigue. While fiber intake and sunglasses are appropriate, they are not the
priority over fall prevention.
4. A nurse is providing education to a client with multiple sclerosis. Which
statement indicates a correct understanding of the disease?
• A. "There is a cure for MS if I take medications early."
• B. "My symptoms should remain the same every day."
• C. "The disease affects my nerves' ability to send signals."
• D. "MS is caused by a problem with my heart and blood vessels."
Answer: C. MS causes nerve signal transmission issues due to the immune system
attacking the myelin sheath .
Rationale: There is no cure for MS. Symptoms often fluctuate and are not daily
constant. MS is a neurological, not cardiovascular, condition.
,5. Which of the following are expected symptoms of multiple sclerosis? (Select
all that apply)
• A. Fatigue
• B. Bowel movement issues
• C. Persistent productive cough
• D. Trouble moving the eyes
• E. Apraxia
Answer: A, B, D, E. MS can cause fatigue, bowel dysfunction, eye movement
problems, and apraxia (difficulty performing learned movements) .
Rationale: A productive cough is not typically related to MS; it suggests a
respiratory issue.
6. A client with MS reports severe fatigue interfering with daily functioning.
Which medication might the provider prescribe? (Select all that apply)
• A. Amantadine
• B. Fluoxetine
• C. Modafinil
• D. Oxybutynin
• E. Amitriptyline
Answer: A, C. Amantadine and modafinil are specifically used to help with MS-
related fatigue .
Rationale: Fluoxetine and amitriptyline are antidepressants. Oxybutynin is used
for bladder issues, a different symptom of MS.
7. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to a client with MS
who is experiencing muscle spasms?
, • A. Oxybutynin
• B. Modafinil
• C. Baclofen
• D. Propranolol
Answer: C. Baclofen (Lioresal) is a muscle relaxant used to manage spasms in
clients with MS .
Rationale: Oxybutynin treats bladder issues; modafinil treats fatigue; propranolol
is a beta-blocker.
8. A nurse is caring for a client with MS who is prescribed interferon beta-1a.
What is an important nursing consideration?
• A. Monitor for flu-like symptoms
• B. Monitor for hyperglycemia
• C. Monitor for hypertension
• D. Monitor for bradycardia
Answer: A. Interferon beta can cause flu-like symptoms as a common side effect .
Rationale: Clients should also have liver function tests (LFTs) monitored due to
the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Neurological Nursing - Parkinson's Disease
9. A client with Parkinson's disease who has difficulty swallowing is receiving
dietary teaching. Which recommendations are appropriate? (Select all that
apply)
• A. Offer soft, moist foods
• B. Provide thickened liquids
• C. Encourage frequent sips of water during meals
Actual Questions & Answers (Galen) 100%
Guarantee Pass
Neurological Nursing - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
1. A client newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis asks the nurse what causes
the symptoms. Which is the best explanation?
• A. "Your body's immune system attacks the muscles in your body."
• B. "Your nerves are slowly being destroyed by bacterial infection."
• C. "The disease causes damage to the protective covering of nerves in your
brain and spinal cord."
• D. "It's a genetic disease that prevents your nerves from growing properly."
Answer: C. MS is an autoimmune condition that leads to demyelination (damage
to the myelin sheath) in the central nervous system, which disrupts nerve signal
transmission .
Rationale: The immune system attacks the myelin sheath, not the muscles
directly. MS is not bacterial, and while genetics may play a role, it is not purely a
genetic disease.
2. Which assessment finding is most consistent with multiple sclerosis?
• A. Sudden chest pain and elevated cardiac enzymes
• B. Progressive vision changes and fatigue
• C. Productive cough with green sputum
• D. Persistent abdominal bloating and right lower quadrant pain
Answer: B. Fatigue and visual disturbances (diplopia, blurred vision) are classic
symptoms of MS .
,Rationale: MS affects the central nervous system, causing progressive symptoms
like vision problems, fatigue, gait disturbances, and bowel dysfunction . Options
A, C, and D suggest cardiac, respiratory, or gastrointestinal issues.
3. A client with MS reports fatigue, vision problems, and difficulty walking.
What is the nurse's priority intervention?
• A. Encourage the client to perform high-intensity exercise
• B. Provide support with ambulation and fall precautions
• C. Increase fiber intake for bowel regularity
• D. Encourage the client to wear sunglasses indoors
Answer: B. Vision problems and gait disturbances significantly increase the
client's risk for falls, making safety and mobility support the top priority .
Rationale: The priority is to prevent injury. High-intensity exercise could worsen
fatigue. While fiber intake and sunglasses are appropriate, they are not the
priority over fall prevention.
4. A nurse is providing education to a client with multiple sclerosis. Which
statement indicates a correct understanding of the disease?
• A. "There is a cure for MS if I take medications early."
• B. "My symptoms should remain the same every day."
• C. "The disease affects my nerves' ability to send signals."
• D. "MS is caused by a problem with my heart and blood vessels."
Answer: C. MS causes nerve signal transmission issues due to the immune system
attacking the myelin sheath .
Rationale: There is no cure for MS. Symptoms often fluctuate and are not daily
constant. MS is a neurological, not cardiovascular, condition.
,5. Which of the following are expected symptoms of multiple sclerosis? (Select
all that apply)
• A. Fatigue
• B. Bowel movement issues
• C. Persistent productive cough
• D. Trouble moving the eyes
• E. Apraxia
Answer: A, B, D, E. MS can cause fatigue, bowel dysfunction, eye movement
problems, and apraxia (difficulty performing learned movements) .
Rationale: A productive cough is not typically related to MS; it suggests a
respiratory issue.
6. A client with MS reports severe fatigue interfering with daily functioning.
Which medication might the provider prescribe? (Select all that apply)
• A. Amantadine
• B. Fluoxetine
• C. Modafinil
• D. Oxybutynin
• E. Amitriptyline
Answer: A, C. Amantadine and modafinil are specifically used to help with MS-
related fatigue .
Rationale: Fluoxetine and amitriptyline are antidepressants. Oxybutynin is used
for bladder issues, a different symptom of MS.
7. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to a client with MS
who is experiencing muscle spasms?
, • A. Oxybutynin
• B. Modafinil
• C. Baclofen
• D. Propranolol
Answer: C. Baclofen (Lioresal) is a muscle relaxant used to manage spasms in
clients with MS .
Rationale: Oxybutynin treats bladder issues; modafinil treats fatigue; propranolol
is a beta-blocker.
8. A nurse is caring for a client with MS who is prescribed interferon beta-1a.
What is an important nursing consideration?
• A. Monitor for flu-like symptoms
• B. Monitor for hyperglycemia
• C. Monitor for hypertension
• D. Monitor for bradycardia
Answer: A. Interferon beta can cause flu-like symptoms as a common side effect .
Rationale: Clients should also have liver function tests (LFTs) monitored due to
the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Neurological Nursing - Parkinson's Disease
9. A client with Parkinson's disease who has difficulty swallowing is receiving
dietary teaching. Which recommendations are appropriate? (Select all that
apply)
• A. Offer soft, moist foods
• B. Provide thickened liquids
• C. Encourage frequent sips of water during meals
