ISSA FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS COMPLETE
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
1. What is the prime mover at the hip during a hip hinge?
A) Gluteus maximus
B) Hamstrings
C) Erector spinae
D) Quadriceps
Correct Answer: C) Erector spinae
Rationale: During a hip hinge movement, the erector spinae muscles act
isometrically to maintain a neutral spine position while the hips flex and
extend. The erector spinae is considered the prime mover in this
pattern as it works to keep the torso rigid against the pull of gravity .
2. What term represents the six anatomical locations of predictable
movement patterns where movement dysfunctions can be detected?
A) Postural distortion zones
B) Movement efficiency markers
C) Kinetic chain checkpoints
D) Biomechanical assessment points
Correct Answer: C) Kinetic chain checkpoints
Rationale: The kinetic chain checkpoints refer to the six specific
anatomical locations—feet, knees, hips, pelvis, shoulders, and head—
where movement dysfunctions can be identified during assessment .
3. When considering exercise order, what should be a priority before
completing accessory exercises?
,A) Isolation exercises
B) Compound exercises
C) Core stabilization
D) Flexibility training
Correct Answer: B) Compound exercises
Rationale: Compound exercises that involve multiple joints should be
performed before accessory exercises to maximize neural drive and
energy availability for the most demanding movements .
4. Which energy pathway is dominant when the body is at rest or
during low-intensity, long-duration activity?
A) ATP-CP system
B) Anaerobic glycolysis
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Fast glycolysis
Correct Answer: C) Oxidative phosphorylation
Rationale: The oxidative pathway (aerobic system) is the dominant
energy system during rest and low-intensity activities, utilizing oxygen
to produce ATP from fats and carbohydrates .
5. What is the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for?
A) Regulating heart rate only
B) Digesting food
C) Receiving sensory input and organizing, analyzing, and processing
neural information
D) Producing hormones
Correct Answer: C) Receiving sensory input and organizing, analyzing,
and processing neural information
Rationale: The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, is responsible
,for receiving sensory information and coordinating appropriate
responses .
6. What intensity (percent of 1RM) is most closely associated with the
training adaptation of muscle hypertrophy?
A) Less than 67 percent of 1RM
B) 67-85 percent of 1RM
C) 85-95 percent of 1RM
D) Over 95 percent of 1RM
Correct Answer: A) Less than 67 percent of 1RM
Rationale: Hypertrophy adaptations are typically achieved with loads
less than 67% of 1RM when performed with higher volumes .
7. When using email marketing, what is the ideal weekly email
frequency for marketing and communicating with clients?
A) Once per week
B) Two to three per week
C) Five to seven per week
D) Daily
Correct Answer: B) Two to three per week
Rationale: Research shows that sending 2-3 marketing emails per week
maintains client engagement without causing fatigue or unsubscribes .
8. What is the condition of low blood pressure measuring 90/60 mm
Hg or less?
A) Hypertension
B) Hypotension
C) Normotension
D) Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B) Hypotension
, Rationale: Hypotension is defined as blood pressure persistently
measuring 90/60 mm Hg or lower .
9. What is a split routine as it relates to resistance training?
A) Training the same muscles daily
B) The division of training sessions by body part or body region
C) Splitting cardio and strength training
D) Alternating upper and lower body each week
Correct Answer: B) The division of training sessions by body part or
body region
Rationale: A split routine organizes training sessions by body parts (e.g.,
push/pull/legs or upper/lower) to allow adequate recovery between
sessions .
10. What postural and movement deviation occurs when the knees
excessively bow inward toward the midline?
A) Knee varus
B) Knee valgus
C) Genu recurvatum
D) Knee hyperextension
Correct Answer: B) Knee valgus
Rationale: Knee valgus is the excessive inward movement of the knee
toward the midline, a common movement dysfunction associated with
poor hip stability .
11. What is the purpose of a business plan?
A) To secure funding only
B) To outline how a business will be operated
C) To advertise services
D) To hire employees
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
1. What is the prime mover at the hip during a hip hinge?
A) Gluteus maximus
B) Hamstrings
C) Erector spinae
D) Quadriceps
Correct Answer: C) Erector spinae
Rationale: During a hip hinge movement, the erector spinae muscles act
isometrically to maintain a neutral spine position while the hips flex and
extend. The erector spinae is considered the prime mover in this
pattern as it works to keep the torso rigid against the pull of gravity .
2. What term represents the six anatomical locations of predictable
movement patterns where movement dysfunctions can be detected?
A) Postural distortion zones
B) Movement efficiency markers
C) Kinetic chain checkpoints
D) Biomechanical assessment points
Correct Answer: C) Kinetic chain checkpoints
Rationale: The kinetic chain checkpoints refer to the six specific
anatomical locations—feet, knees, hips, pelvis, shoulders, and head—
where movement dysfunctions can be identified during assessment .
3. When considering exercise order, what should be a priority before
completing accessory exercises?
,A) Isolation exercises
B) Compound exercises
C) Core stabilization
D) Flexibility training
Correct Answer: B) Compound exercises
Rationale: Compound exercises that involve multiple joints should be
performed before accessory exercises to maximize neural drive and
energy availability for the most demanding movements .
4. Which energy pathway is dominant when the body is at rest or
during low-intensity, long-duration activity?
A) ATP-CP system
B) Anaerobic glycolysis
C) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Fast glycolysis
Correct Answer: C) Oxidative phosphorylation
Rationale: The oxidative pathway (aerobic system) is the dominant
energy system during rest and low-intensity activities, utilizing oxygen
to produce ATP from fats and carbohydrates .
5. What is the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for?
A) Regulating heart rate only
B) Digesting food
C) Receiving sensory input and organizing, analyzing, and processing
neural information
D) Producing hormones
Correct Answer: C) Receiving sensory input and organizing, analyzing,
and processing neural information
Rationale: The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, is responsible
,for receiving sensory information and coordinating appropriate
responses .
6. What intensity (percent of 1RM) is most closely associated with the
training adaptation of muscle hypertrophy?
A) Less than 67 percent of 1RM
B) 67-85 percent of 1RM
C) 85-95 percent of 1RM
D) Over 95 percent of 1RM
Correct Answer: A) Less than 67 percent of 1RM
Rationale: Hypertrophy adaptations are typically achieved with loads
less than 67% of 1RM when performed with higher volumes .
7. When using email marketing, what is the ideal weekly email
frequency for marketing and communicating with clients?
A) Once per week
B) Two to three per week
C) Five to seven per week
D) Daily
Correct Answer: B) Two to three per week
Rationale: Research shows that sending 2-3 marketing emails per week
maintains client engagement without causing fatigue or unsubscribes .
8. What is the condition of low blood pressure measuring 90/60 mm
Hg or less?
A) Hypertension
B) Hypotension
C) Normotension
D) Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B) Hypotension
, Rationale: Hypotension is defined as blood pressure persistently
measuring 90/60 mm Hg or lower .
9. What is a split routine as it relates to resistance training?
A) Training the same muscles daily
B) The division of training sessions by body part or body region
C) Splitting cardio and strength training
D) Alternating upper and lower body each week
Correct Answer: B) The division of training sessions by body part or
body region
Rationale: A split routine organizes training sessions by body parts (e.g.,
push/pull/legs or upper/lower) to allow adequate recovery between
sessions .
10. What postural and movement deviation occurs when the knees
excessively bow inward toward the midline?
A) Knee varus
B) Knee valgus
C) Genu recurvatum
D) Knee hyperextension
Correct Answer: B) Knee valgus
Rationale: Knee valgus is the excessive inward movement of the knee
toward the midline, a common movement dysfunction associated with
poor hip stability .
11. What is the purpose of a business plan?
A) To secure funding only
B) To outline how a business will be operated
C) To advertise services
D) To hire employees
