WGU D116 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS COMPLETE REVIEW MATERIAL
●● Molecular Neuropharmacology
Answer: Interactions at receptor and signaling level.
●● Behavioral Neuropharmacology
Answer: How drugs affect behavior and mental states.
●● Acetylcholine (ACh)
Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in memory, attention, and
autonomic regulation.
●● Dopamine (DA)
Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and
motor control.
●● Serotonin (5-HT)
Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, pain, and
gastrointestinal function.
●● Norepinephrine (NE)
,Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in arousal, stress, attention,
and blood pressure.
●● GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)
Answer: Major neurotransmitter providing inhibitory tone and seizure
control.
●● Glutamate
Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and
excitotoxicity.
●● Cholinergic Drugs
Answer: Drugs that affect acetylcholine receptors, including agonists,
anticholinesterases, and anticholinergics.
●● Dopaminergic Agents
Answer: Drugs that target dopamine pathways, including agonists,
reuptake inhibitors, and antagonists.
●● Serotonergic Agents
Answer: Drugs that affect serotonin levels, including SSRIs, SNRIs, and
various agonists and antagonists.
●● GABAergic Agents
,Answer: Drugs that enhance GABA activity, including GABA-A
agonists and GABA analogs.
●● Glutamatergic Modulators
Answer: Drugs that modulate glutamate activity, including NMDA
antagonists and AMPA modulators.
●● Parkinson's Disease
Answer: Characterized by decreased dopamine in the substantia nigra,
treated with levodopa and dopamine agonists.
●● Alzheimer's Disease
Answer: Characterized by decreased acetylcholine and amyloid & tau
accumulation, treated with cholinesterase inhibitors.
●● Epilepsy
Answer: Characterized by excess neuronal firing, treated with GABA
enhancers and sodium channel blockers.
●● Depression
Answer: Characterized by decreased monoamines (5-HT, NE, DA),
treated with SSRIs and SNRIs.
●● Anxiety
, Answer: Characterized by a hyperactive limbic system, treated with
SSRIs and benzodiazepines.
●● Schizophrenia
Answer: Characterized by increased dopamine in the mesolimbic
pathway, treated with D2 antagonists.
●● Migraine
Answer: Characterized by vascular and serotonin dysregulation, treated
with triptans and beta blockers.
●● Multiple Sclerosis
Answer: Characterized by autoimmune demyelination, treated with
immunomodulators and steroids.
●● Antipsychotics
Answer: Watch for extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation, and
increased prolactin.
●● SSRIs/SNRIs
Answer: Watch for sexual dysfunction and serotonin syndrome.
●● MAOIs
SOLUTIONS COMPLETE REVIEW MATERIAL
●● Molecular Neuropharmacology
Answer: Interactions at receptor and signaling level.
●● Behavioral Neuropharmacology
Answer: How drugs affect behavior and mental states.
●● Acetylcholine (ACh)
Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in memory, attention, and
autonomic regulation.
●● Dopamine (DA)
Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and
motor control.
●● Serotonin (5-HT)
Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, pain, and
gastrointestinal function.
●● Norepinephrine (NE)
,Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in arousal, stress, attention,
and blood pressure.
●● GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)
Answer: Major neurotransmitter providing inhibitory tone and seizure
control.
●● Glutamate
Answer: Major neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and
excitotoxicity.
●● Cholinergic Drugs
Answer: Drugs that affect acetylcholine receptors, including agonists,
anticholinesterases, and anticholinergics.
●● Dopaminergic Agents
Answer: Drugs that target dopamine pathways, including agonists,
reuptake inhibitors, and antagonists.
●● Serotonergic Agents
Answer: Drugs that affect serotonin levels, including SSRIs, SNRIs, and
various agonists and antagonists.
●● GABAergic Agents
,Answer: Drugs that enhance GABA activity, including GABA-A
agonists and GABA analogs.
●● Glutamatergic Modulators
Answer: Drugs that modulate glutamate activity, including NMDA
antagonists and AMPA modulators.
●● Parkinson's Disease
Answer: Characterized by decreased dopamine in the substantia nigra,
treated with levodopa and dopamine agonists.
●● Alzheimer's Disease
Answer: Characterized by decreased acetylcholine and amyloid & tau
accumulation, treated with cholinesterase inhibitors.
●● Epilepsy
Answer: Characterized by excess neuronal firing, treated with GABA
enhancers and sodium channel blockers.
●● Depression
Answer: Characterized by decreased monoamines (5-HT, NE, DA),
treated with SSRIs and SNRIs.
●● Anxiety
, Answer: Characterized by a hyperactive limbic system, treated with
SSRIs and benzodiazepines.
●● Schizophrenia
Answer: Characterized by increased dopamine in the mesolimbic
pathway, treated with D2 antagonists.
●● Migraine
Answer: Characterized by vascular and serotonin dysregulation, treated
with triptans and beta blockers.
●● Multiple Sclerosis
Answer: Characterized by autoimmune demyelination, treated with
immunomodulators and steroids.
●● Antipsychotics
Answer: Watch for extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation, and
increased prolactin.
●● SSRIs/SNRIs
Answer: Watch for sexual dysfunction and serotonin syndrome.
●● MAOIs
