NCA 622 TEST TWO MODULE 5 STUDY GUIDE | NCA 622 MODULE 5 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026/2027
What are three AIDS defining conditions? - ✔✔Recurrent bacterial pneumonia
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Cytomegalovirus
Fungal infections
Tumors
What is the preferred method to confirm a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS? - ✔✔Immunoassay antibody testing
Stages of HIV infection - ✔✔Acute infection/ acute phase
Clinical latency (asymptomatic)/ chronic phase
Late Stage/ AIDS
Acute infection HIV - ✔✔Earliest stage of HIV infection
Symptoms such as fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes and aseptic meningitis
Patients should receive prompt antiretroviral treatment
Clinical findings CD4/T Cell 200-500 - ✔✔Swollen lymph nodes
Oral hairy leukoplakia
Candidiasis
Fever
Night sweats
Fatigue
Diarrhea
AIDS diagnosis - ✔✔CD4/Tcell < 200
Treatment HIV - ✔✔Prophylaxis therapy indefinitely in patient with CD4 <200 for Pneumocystitis
pneumonia, M avium, Toxoplasmosis
Antiretroviral therapy for HIV treatment directly
Prophylaxis for Pneumocystitis pneumonia - ✔✔Should be started in patients with CD4 <200
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Prophylaxis for M avium - ✔✔Should be started in CD4 <75-100
Clarithromycin and azithromycin
Prophylaxis for Toxoplasmosis - ✔✔Should be started in CD4 <100
, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Pyrimethamine with dapsone and leucovorin
Modes of transmission HIV - ✔✔sexual contact with infected person, parenteral exposure to infected
blood, perinatal exposure
What is the hallmark of symptomatic HIV infection? - ✔✔Immunodeficiency caused by continuing viral
replication
Specific physical exam findings for HIV infection - ✔✔oral hairy leukoplakia of the tongue
kaposi sarcoma
cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis
How often should you check CD4 counts in a patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy? - ✔✔Every 3-6
months
HIV viral load test - ✔✔assesses the level of viral replication and provides useful prognostic information
that is independent from the information provided by CD4 counts
True or False: HIV is a barrier to living a long, healthy life - ✔✔False.
Among people living with HIV, 47% are 50 or older
What is the most common mode of transmission of HIV in the US? - ✔✔Sexual transmission
In US men over 50, what population is at highest risk for HIV? - ✔✔Men who have sex with men
In US women over 50, what is the primary exposure to HIV? - ✔✔Heterosexual contact because of age
related issues such as atrophic vaginitis and no use of barrier contraceptives
Worldwide, what is the most common mode of transmission of HIV? - ✔✔Heterosexual contact,
especially in Africa/ Asia
Sensory changes in aging: Vision - ✔✔Decreased tear secretion: dry eyes
Glaucoma: more common in african americans, open angle glaucoma is the the third leading cause of
blindness in the US
Cataracts
Presbyopia: By age 45, decreased ability to see close up
Macular degeneration: age related degeneration of the macula is one of the most frequent causes of
vision loss
Diabetic retinopathy
Sensory changes in aging: hearing - ✔✔Prevalence of hearing loss is higher in low income adults, those
with lower education and those with occupational exposure to noise
Cerumen accumulation is common in older adults and can contribute to hearing loss
Hearing loss in older adults usually sensorineural type
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026/2027
What are three AIDS defining conditions? - ✔✔Recurrent bacterial pneumonia
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Cytomegalovirus
Fungal infections
Tumors
What is the preferred method to confirm a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS? - ✔✔Immunoassay antibody testing
Stages of HIV infection - ✔✔Acute infection/ acute phase
Clinical latency (asymptomatic)/ chronic phase
Late Stage/ AIDS
Acute infection HIV - ✔✔Earliest stage of HIV infection
Symptoms such as fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes and aseptic meningitis
Patients should receive prompt antiretroviral treatment
Clinical findings CD4/T Cell 200-500 - ✔✔Swollen lymph nodes
Oral hairy leukoplakia
Candidiasis
Fever
Night sweats
Fatigue
Diarrhea
AIDS diagnosis - ✔✔CD4/Tcell < 200
Treatment HIV - ✔✔Prophylaxis therapy indefinitely in patient with CD4 <200 for Pneumocystitis
pneumonia, M avium, Toxoplasmosis
Antiretroviral therapy for HIV treatment directly
Prophylaxis for Pneumocystitis pneumonia - ✔✔Should be started in patients with CD4 <200
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Prophylaxis for M avium - ✔✔Should be started in CD4 <75-100
Clarithromycin and azithromycin
Prophylaxis for Toxoplasmosis - ✔✔Should be started in CD4 <100
, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Pyrimethamine with dapsone and leucovorin
Modes of transmission HIV - ✔✔sexual contact with infected person, parenteral exposure to infected
blood, perinatal exposure
What is the hallmark of symptomatic HIV infection? - ✔✔Immunodeficiency caused by continuing viral
replication
Specific physical exam findings for HIV infection - ✔✔oral hairy leukoplakia of the tongue
kaposi sarcoma
cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis
How often should you check CD4 counts in a patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy? - ✔✔Every 3-6
months
HIV viral load test - ✔✔assesses the level of viral replication and provides useful prognostic information
that is independent from the information provided by CD4 counts
True or False: HIV is a barrier to living a long, healthy life - ✔✔False.
Among people living with HIV, 47% are 50 or older
What is the most common mode of transmission of HIV in the US? - ✔✔Sexual transmission
In US men over 50, what population is at highest risk for HIV? - ✔✔Men who have sex with men
In US women over 50, what is the primary exposure to HIV? - ✔✔Heterosexual contact because of age
related issues such as atrophic vaginitis and no use of barrier contraceptives
Worldwide, what is the most common mode of transmission of HIV? - ✔✔Heterosexual contact,
especially in Africa/ Asia
Sensory changes in aging: Vision - ✔✔Decreased tear secretion: dry eyes
Glaucoma: more common in african americans, open angle glaucoma is the the third leading cause of
blindness in the US
Cataracts
Presbyopia: By age 45, decreased ability to see close up
Macular degeneration: age related degeneration of the macula is one of the most frequent causes of
vision loss
Diabetic retinopathy
Sensory changes in aging: hearing - ✔✔Prevalence of hearing loss is higher in low income adults, those
with lower education and those with occupational exposure to noise
Cerumen accumulation is common in older adults and can contribute to hearing loss
Hearing loss in older adults usually sensorineural type
