SP7 Questions with Correct Answers
What was the most important takeaway from Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?
Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Based on changes in the weather, bears typically hibernate for half the year. This is an
example of an innate behavior, known as a
instinct.
Which component of a classically conditioned behavior automatically elicits a reaction?
For example, dimming the lights will cause the eyes to dilate.
unconditioned stimulus.
In the study with Little Albert, he was conditioned to fear a rabbit because it was paired
with a frightening loud sound. In this example, what was the unconditioned stimulus?
the loud sound
A rat is placed in an environment where the floor gives the rat small electric shocks.
The only way to get rid of the shocks is to press a lever in the corner of the box. The rat
quickly learns to press the lever. This is an example of
negative reinforcement
Jarren wants his dog to play dead when he says "bang, bang!" so he begins by giving
him a treat each time that he crouches down after giving the command. Eventually he'll
get him to roll over and then to lay on his back with his legs outstretched. This is an
example of
shaping.
Shelter, sex, and touch are examples of
,primary reinforcers.
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?
when a rabbit goes to the bathroom in the litter box, she gets a piece of carrot
________ reinforcement is giving a reinforcer every time that a behavior is displayed.
continuous
How could you design an experiment around the social learning theory?
determine how long it takes someone to master a complex yoga move by looking at someone
else.
Learning that does not reveal itself until it is needed is called
latent learning
Research has shown that in general students prefer reaching out where?
Online through email or messages
How do students perform that reach out for help compared with those that do not reach
out for help?
Students perform better when they reach out for help
Which of the following is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the
development of a human being?
infant sucking on a nipple
Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that ________.
occurs as a result of experience
, Two forms of associative learning are ________ and ________.
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
In ________ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired
with the behavior.
classical conditioning
What is the difference between a reflex and a learned behavior?
A reflex is a behavior that humans are born knowing how to do, such as sucking or blushing;
these behaviors happen automatically in response to stimuli in the environment. Learned
behaviors are things that humans are not born knowing how to do, such as swimming and
surfing. Learned behaviors are not automatic; they occur as a result of practice or repeated
experience in a situation.
Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning. How are they alike? How do
they differ?
Both classical and operant conditioning involve learning by association. In classical
conditioning, responses are involuntary and automatic; however, responses are voluntary and
learned in operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, the event that drives the behavior
(the stimulus) comes before the behavior; in operant conditioning, the event that drives the
behavior (the consequence) comes after the behavior. Also, whereas classical conditioning
involves an organism forming an association between an involuntary (reflexive) response and
a stimulus, operant conditioning involves an organism forming an association between a
voluntary behavior and a consequence.
What was the most important takeaway from Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?
Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Based on changes in the weather, bears typically hibernate for half the year. This is an
example of an innate behavior, known as a
instinct.
Which component of a classically conditioned behavior automatically elicits a reaction?
For example, dimming the lights will cause the eyes to dilate.
unconditioned stimulus.
In the study with Little Albert, he was conditioned to fear a rabbit because it was paired
with a frightening loud sound. In this example, what was the unconditioned stimulus?
the loud sound
A rat is placed in an environment where the floor gives the rat small electric shocks.
The only way to get rid of the shocks is to press a lever in the corner of the box. The rat
quickly learns to press the lever. This is an example of
negative reinforcement
Jarren wants his dog to play dead when he says "bang, bang!" so he begins by giving
him a treat each time that he crouches down after giving the command. Eventually he'll
get him to roll over and then to lay on his back with his legs outstretched. This is an
example of
shaping.
Shelter, sex, and touch are examples of
,primary reinforcers.
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?
when a rabbit goes to the bathroom in the litter box, she gets a piece of carrot
________ reinforcement is giving a reinforcer every time that a behavior is displayed.
continuous
How could you design an experiment around the social learning theory?
determine how long it takes someone to master a complex yoga move by looking at someone
else.
Learning that does not reveal itself until it is needed is called
latent learning
Research has shown that in general students prefer reaching out where?
Online through email or messages
How do students perform that reach out for help compared with those that do not reach
out for help?
Students perform better when they reach out for help
Which of the following is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the
development of a human being?
infant sucking on a nipple
Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that ________.
occurs as a result of experience
, Two forms of associative learning are ________ and ________.
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
In ________ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired
with the behavior.
classical conditioning
What is the difference between a reflex and a learned behavior?
A reflex is a behavior that humans are born knowing how to do, such as sucking or blushing;
these behaviors happen automatically in response to stimuli in the environment. Learned
behaviors are things that humans are not born knowing how to do, such as swimming and
surfing. Learned behaviors are not automatic; they occur as a result of practice or repeated
experience in a situation.
Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning. How are they alike? How do
they differ?
Both classical and operant conditioning involve learning by association. In classical
conditioning, responses are involuntary and automatic; however, responses are voluntary and
learned in operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, the event that drives the behavior
(the stimulus) comes before the behavior; in operant conditioning, the event that drives the
behavior (the consequence) comes after the behavior. Also, whereas classical conditioning
involves an organism forming an association between an involuntary (reflexive) response and
a stimulus, operant conditioning involves an organism forming an association between a
voluntary behavior and a consequence.
