NURS 5315 Exam 4 V1 | NURS 5315
Advanced Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A
with Rationale (NURS5315 Exam 4) | The
University of Texas at Arlington
1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with a low hemoglobin level. Which
of the following is the primary pathophysiological cause of anemia in this patient?
A. Iron deficiency from gastrointestinal bleeding
B. Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys
C. Folate deficiency due to dietary restrictions
D. Shortened life span of red blood cells
Answer: B
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys lose their ability to produce sufficient erythropoietin, which
is the hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
This deficiency leads to normochromic, normocytic anemia as the disease progresses to
higher stages. Management typically involves the administration of exogenous
erythropoietin-stimulating agents to maintain oxygen-carrying capacity.
2. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of Syndrome of Inappropriate
Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?
A. Hypernatremia and dehydration
,B. Dilutional hyponatremia and concentrated urine
C. Increased serum osmolality
D. Polyuria and polydipsia
Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH involves the excessive release of antidiuretic hormone, which causes the
kidneys to reabsorb water inappropriately. This leads to an increase in total body water,
which dilutes the serum sodium levels and results in highly concentrated urine. Patients
typically present with euvolemic hyponatremia, and treatment focuses on fluid restriction
and addressing the underlying cause.
3. A patient is diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. What is the underlying mechanism of
this disease?
A. Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland
B. Hypersecretion of TSH by the pituitary
C. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin production
D. Iodine deficiency leading to goiter
Answer: A
Rationale: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism
in iodine-sufficient regions. It is an autoimmune disorder where lymphocytes infiltrate the
, thyroid gland, leading to follicular destruction and fibrosis. Patients will demonstrate
elevated TSH levels and low levels of free T4 as the gland fails.
4. What is the primary pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Hypersecretion of glucagon by alpha cells
C. Excessive glucose production by the liver
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus results from T-cell mediated destruction of the
insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. This leads to an absolute deficiency
of insulin, making patients dependent on exogenous insulin for survival. The clinical onset
usually occurs after a significant portion of the beta cell mass has been irreversibly
destroyed.
5. Which condition is characterized by the presence of ‘skip lesions’ and transmural
inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Ulcerative Colitis
B. Celiac Disease
C. Diverticulosis
D. Crohn’s Disease
Advanced Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A
with Rationale (NURS5315 Exam 4) | The
University of Texas at Arlington
1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with a low hemoglobin level. Which
of the following is the primary pathophysiological cause of anemia in this patient?
A. Iron deficiency from gastrointestinal bleeding
B. Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys
C. Folate deficiency due to dietary restrictions
D. Shortened life span of red blood cells
Answer: B
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys lose their ability to produce sufficient erythropoietin, which
is the hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
This deficiency leads to normochromic, normocytic anemia as the disease progresses to
higher stages. Management typically involves the administration of exogenous
erythropoietin-stimulating agents to maintain oxygen-carrying capacity.
2. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of Syndrome of Inappropriate
Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?
A. Hypernatremia and dehydration
,B. Dilutional hyponatremia and concentrated urine
C. Increased serum osmolality
D. Polyuria and polydipsia
Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH involves the excessive release of antidiuretic hormone, which causes the
kidneys to reabsorb water inappropriately. This leads to an increase in total body water,
which dilutes the serum sodium levels and results in highly concentrated urine. Patients
typically present with euvolemic hyponatremia, and treatment focuses on fluid restriction
and addressing the underlying cause.
3. A patient is diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. What is the underlying mechanism of
this disease?
A. Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland
B. Hypersecretion of TSH by the pituitary
C. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin production
D. Iodine deficiency leading to goiter
Answer: A
Rationale: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism
in iodine-sufficient regions. It is an autoimmune disorder where lymphocytes infiltrate the
, thyroid gland, leading to follicular destruction and fibrosis. Patients will demonstrate
elevated TSH levels and low levels of free T4 as the gland fails.
4. What is the primary pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Hypersecretion of glucagon by alpha cells
C. Excessive glucose production by the liver
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus results from T-cell mediated destruction of the
insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. This leads to an absolute deficiency
of insulin, making patients dependent on exogenous insulin for survival. The clinical onset
usually occurs after a significant portion of the beta cell mass has been irreversibly
destroyed.
5. Which condition is characterized by the presence of ‘skip lesions’ and transmural
inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Ulcerative Colitis
B. Celiac Disease
C. Diverticulosis
D. Crohn’s Disease
