BIO 105 UPDATED COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔hypotonic - ✔✔situation in which extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the
fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving into the cell
✔✔integral protein - ✔✔protein integrated into the membrane structure that interacts
extensively with the hydrocarbon chains of membrane lipids and often spans the
membrane; these proteins can be removed only by the disruption of the membrane by
detergents
✔✔isotonic - ✔✔situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the
fluid inside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of the cell
✔✔osmolarity - ✔✔total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of solution
✔✔osmosis - ✔✔transport of water through a semipermeable membrane according to
the concentration gradient of water across the membrane that results from the presence
of solute that cannot pass through the memebrane
✔✔passive transport - ✔✔method of transporting material through a membrane that
does not require energy
, ✔✔peripheral protein - ✔✔protein found at the surface of a plasma membrane either on
its exterior or interior side; these proteins can be removed by a high-salt wash
✔✔pinocytosis - ✔✔variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell
needs from the extracellular fluid
✔✔plasmolysis - ✔✔detaching of the cell membrane from the cell wall and constriction
of the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic state
✔✔potocytosis - ✔✔variation of pinocytosis that uses a different coating of protein,
caveolin, on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane
✔✔primary active transport - ✔✔active transport that moves ions or small molecules
across a membrane and may create a difference in charge across the membrane
✔✔pump - ✔✔active transport mechanism that works against electrochemical gradients
✔✔receptor-mediated endocytosis - ✔✔variation of endocytosis that involves the use of
specific binding proteins in the plasma membrane for specific molecules or particles,
and clathrin-coated pits that become clathrin-coated vesicles
✔✔secondary active transport - ✔✔movement of material that is due the the
electrochemical gradient established by primary active transport
✔✔selectively permeable - ✔✔characteristic of a membrane that allows some
substances to pass through but not others
✔✔symporter - ✔✔transporter that carries two different ions or small molecules, both in
the same direction
✔✔tonicity - ✔✔amount of solute in a solution
✔✔transport protein - ✔✔membrane protein that facilitates passage of a substance
across a membrane by binding it
✔✔transporter - ✔✔specific protein carrier proteins or pumps that facilitate movement
✔✔uniporter - ✔✔transporter that carries one specific ion or small molecule
✔✔alpha-helix structure - ✔✔type of secondary of proteins formed by folding of the
polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔hypotonic - ✔✔situation in which extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the
fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving into the cell
✔✔integral protein - ✔✔protein integrated into the membrane structure that interacts
extensively with the hydrocarbon chains of membrane lipids and often spans the
membrane; these proteins can be removed only by the disruption of the membrane by
detergents
✔✔isotonic - ✔✔situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the
fluid inside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of the cell
✔✔osmolarity - ✔✔total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of solution
✔✔osmosis - ✔✔transport of water through a semipermeable membrane according to
the concentration gradient of water across the membrane that results from the presence
of solute that cannot pass through the memebrane
✔✔passive transport - ✔✔method of transporting material through a membrane that
does not require energy
, ✔✔peripheral protein - ✔✔protein found at the surface of a plasma membrane either on
its exterior or interior side; these proteins can be removed by a high-salt wash
✔✔pinocytosis - ✔✔variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell
needs from the extracellular fluid
✔✔plasmolysis - ✔✔detaching of the cell membrane from the cell wall and constriction
of the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic state
✔✔potocytosis - ✔✔variation of pinocytosis that uses a different coating of protein,
caveolin, on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane
✔✔primary active transport - ✔✔active transport that moves ions or small molecules
across a membrane and may create a difference in charge across the membrane
✔✔pump - ✔✔active transport mechanism that works against electrochemical gradients
✔✔receptor-mediated endocytosis - ✔✔variation of endocytosis that involves the use of
specific binding proteins in the plasma membrane for specific molecules or particles,
and clathrin-coated pits that become clathrin-coated vesicles
✔✔secondary active transport - ✔✔movement of material that is due the the
electrochemical gradient established by primary active transport
✔✔selectively permeable - ✔✔characteristic of a membrane that allows some
substances to pass through but not others
✔✔symporter - ✔✔transporter that carries two different ions or small molecules, both in
the same direction
✔✔tonicity - ✔✔amount of solute in a solution
✔✔transport protein - ✔✔membrane protein that facilitates passage of a substance
across a membrane by binding it
✔✔transporter - ✔✔specific protein carrier proteins or pumps that facilitate movement
✔✔uniporter - ✔✔transporter that carries one specific ion or small molecule
✔✔alpha-helix structure - ✔✔type of secondary of proteins formed by folding of the
polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure
