BIO 105 LATEST EXAM 2 SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔lysosome - ✔✔organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cell's digestive
component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even
worn-out organelles
✔✔microfilament - ✔✔narrowest element of the cytoskeleton system; it provides rigidity
and shape to the cell and enables cellular movements
✔✔microtubule - ✔✔widest element of the cytoskeleton system; it helps the cell resist
compression,provides a track along which vesicles move through the cell, pulls
replicated chromosomes to opposite end of a dividing cell, and is structural element of
centrioles, flagella, and cilia
✔✔mitochondria - ✔✔singular = mitochondrion; cellular organelles responsible for
carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell's main
energy-carrying molecule
✔✔nuclear envelope - ✔✔double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost
portion of the nucleus
✔✔nucleoid - ✔✔central part of the prokaryotic cell in which the chromosome is found
, ✔✔nucleolus - ✔✔darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for
assembling the sub-units of the ribosomes
✔✔nucleoplasim - ✔✔semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus that contains the chromatin
and nucleolus
✔✔nucleus - ✔✔cell organelle that houses the cells DNA and directs the synthesis of
ribosomes and proteins
✔✔peroxisome - ✔✔small, round organelle that contains hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes
fatty acids and amino acids, detoxifies many poisons
✔✔plasma membrane - ✔✔phospholipid bilayer with embedded or attached proteins,
and separates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment
✔✔plasmodesma - ✔✔plural=plasdodesmata; channel that passes between the cell
walls of adjacent plant cells, connects their cytoplasm, allows materials to be
transported from cell to cell
✔✔ribosome - ✔✔cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis
✔✔rough ER - ✔✔region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes
and engages in protein modification and phospholipid synthesis
✔✔smooth ER - ✔✔region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has few or no ribosomes
on it's cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid
hormones; detoxifies certain chemicals, and stores calcium ions
✔✔tight junction - ✔✔firm seal between two adjacent animal cells created by protein
adherance
✔✔vacuole - ✔✔membrane-bound sac, somewhat larger than a vesicle, which functions
in storage and transport
✔✔vesicle - ✔✔small, membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and
transport; its membrane is capable of fusing with the plasma membrane and the
membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
✔✔active transport - ✔✔method of transporting material the requires energy
✔✔amphiiphilic - ✔✔molecule possessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or
uncharged are capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
environments
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔lysosome - ✔✔organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cell's digestive
component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even
worn-out organelles
✔✔microfilament - ✔✔narrowest element of the cytoskeleton system; it provides rigidity
and shape to the cell and enables cellular movements
✔✔microtubule - ✔✔widest element of the cytoskeleton system; it helps the cell resist
compression,provides a track along which vesicles move through the cell, pulls
replicated chromosomes to opposite end of a dividing cell, and is structural element of
centrioles, flagella, and cilia
✔✔mitochondria - ✔✔singular = mitochondrion; cellular organelles responsible for
carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell's main
energy-carrying molecule
✔✔nuclear envelope - ✔✔double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost
portion of the nucleus
✔✔nucleoid - ✔✔central part of the prokaryotic cell in which the chromosome is found
, ✔✔nucleolus - ✔✔darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for
assembling the sub-units of the ribosomes
✔✔nucleoplasim - ✔✔semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus that contains the chromatin
and nucleolus
✔✔nucleus - ✔✔cell organelle that houses the cells DNA and directs the synthesis of
ribosomes and proteins
✔✔peroxisome - ✔✔small, round organelle that contains hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes
fatty acids and amino acids, detoxifies many poisons
✔✔plasma membrane - ✔✔phospholipid bilayer with embedded or attached proteins,
and separates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment
✔✔plasmodesma - ✔✔plural=plasdodesmata; channel that passes between the cell
walls of adjacent plant cells, connects their cytoplasm, allows materials to be
transported from cell to cell
✔✔ribosome - ✔✔cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis
✔✔rough ER - ✔✔region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes
and engages in protein modification and phospholipid synthesis
✔✔smooth ER - ✔✔region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has few or no ribosomes
on it's cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid
hormones; detoxifies certain chemicals, and stores calcium ions
✔✔tight junction - ✔✔firm seal between two adjacent animal cells created by protein
adherance
✔✔vacuole - ✔✔membrane-bound sac, somewhat larger than a vesicle, which functions
in storage and transport
✔✔vesicle - ✔✔small, membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and
transport; its membrane is capable of fusing with the plasma membrane and the
membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
✔✔active transport - ✔✔method of transporting material the requires energy
✔✔amphiiphilic - ✔✔molecule possessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or
uncharged are capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
environments
