BIO 105 CORE MAIN EXAMINATION ALL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔non-silent mutations - ✔✔can cause changes in coding:
-missense mutation
-non-sense mutation
-frameshift mutation
✔✔missense mutation - ✔✔-codon changed to a different amino acid
✔✔non-sense mutation - ✔✔-codon changed to a stop
✔✔frameshift mutation - ✔✔insertion/deletion causes a change in the codon reading
frame
✔✔in translation ____ is used as a template to form _____ - ✔✔RNA, protein
✔✔convergent evolution - ✔✔process by which unrelated organisms acquire very
similar adaptations because of similar environments
✔✔adaptive radiation - ✔✔*organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms
(particularly when there is a change in the environment, making new resources
available)
, rapid phenotypic adaptation of species to a range of environments resulting in
morphological and physiological adaptations
✔✔precondition 1 for natural selection - ✔✔organisms have heritable variation
-variation is inherited genetically by::
functional characteristics
physical characteristics
behavioral characteristics
✔✔precondition 2 for natural selection - ✔✔organisms struggle to survive
✔✔precondition 3 for natural selection - ✔✔organisms differ in fitness
fitness= the relative reproductive success of an individual
✔✔1. mutation - ✔✔spontaneous change in DNA
✔✔2. gene flow - ✔✔brings new alleles into the population
✔✔3. genetic drift - ✔✔genetic changes by chance alone
*strongest in small populations
*can happen through bottleneck or founder effect
✔✔4. natural selection - ✔✔process that results in the survival and reproductive
success of those best adapted to their environment
✔✔5. non-random mating - ✔✔individuals select mates based on easily-observable
phenotypes (characteristics)
*positive assortative mating (mating with those who look similar)
*negative assortative mating (mating with those who look different)
✔✔inbreeding (consanguineous mating)
*form of non-random mating* - ✔✔mating of close relatives
*this is an extreme form of positive assortative mating
*significantly less genetic diversity
✔✔evolution - ✔✔change in a population's genetic structure through time
✔✔directional selection - ✔✔favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔non-silent mutations - ✔✔can cause changes in coding:
-missense mutation
-non-sense mutation
-frameshift mutation
✔✔missense mutation - ✔✔-codon changed to a different amino acid
✔✔non-sense mutation - ✔✔-codon changed to a stop
✔✔frameshift mutation - ✔✔insertion/deletion causes a change in the codon reading
frame
✔✔in translation ____ is used as a template to form _____ - ✔✔RNA, protein
✔✔convergent evolution - ✔✔process by which unrelated organisms acquire very
similar adaptations because of similar environments
✔✔adaptive radiation - ✔✔*organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms
(particularly when there is a change in the environment, making new resources
available)
, rapid phenotypic adaptation of species to a range of environments resulting in
morphological and physiological adaptations
✔✔precondition 1 for natural selection - ✔✔organisms have heritable variation
-variation is inherited genetically by::
functional characteristics
physical characteristics
behavioral characteristics
✔✔precondition 2 for natural selection - ✔✔organisms struggle to survive
✔✔precondition 3 for natural selection - ✔✔organisms differ in fitness
fitness= the relative reproductive success of an individual
✔✔1. mutation - ✔✔spontaneous change in DNA
✔✔2. gene flow - ✔✔brings new alleles into the population
✔✔3. genetic drift - ✔✔genetic changes by chance alone
*strongest in small populations
*can happen through bottleneck or founder effect
✔✔4. natural selection - ✔✔process that results in the survival and reproductive
success of those best adapted to their environment
✔✔5. non-random mating - ✔✔individuals select mates based on easily-observable
phenotypes (characteristics)
*positive assortative mating (mating with those who look similar)
*negative assortative mating (mating with those who look different)
✔✔inbreeding (consanguineous mating)
*form of non-random mating* - ✔✔mating of close relatives
*this is an extreme form of positive assortative mating
*significantly less genetic diversity
✔✔evolution - ✔✔change in a population's genetic structure through time
✔✔directional selection - ✔✔favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range
