D184 WGU Standard-Based Assessment
Questions with Correct Answers 2026-2027
Standard based grading system - CORRECT ANSWER -Tracks progress toward achievement
towards standards and academic skills using proficiency scales.
Traditional grading system - CORRECT ANSWER -Grades calculated based off %, partially based
on nonacademic factors.
Focus statement - CORRECT ANSWER -Full standard statement with detail for guidance and
assessment.
Measurement Topic - CORRECT ANSWER -Small set of critical topics or themes to focus on
Declarative Knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER -What students UNDERSTAND
facts, ideas, information
(name and explain)
Procedural Knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER -BE ABLE TO DO
Skills, strategies, processes
( act or perform tasks)
Proficiency Scales - CORRECT ANSWER -Measure student progress towards standard mastery.
Usually a 4pt scale
4=advanced ( in depth application)
3=proficient ( understands target)
2=developing ( partial success)
,1=beginning ( with help)
Parallel Assessments - CORRECT ANSWER -Multiple assessments given to the same students
over time. Measures and records leaning over time to identify growth or gaps.
Eliminates error.
Reliability - CORRECT ANSWER -Assessment accurately and constantly measures the same
content for ALL STUDENTS. ( same outcome )
Validity - CORRECT ANSWER -Refers to the degree which the assessment is relevant to the
content and measures what it's supposed measure.
Unidemensionality - CORRECT ANSWER -One aspect ( standard) measured at a time
Assessment Blueprint - CORRECT ANSWER -Specifies assessment
skills, assessment types, # of assessments
Proved Proper coverage on blueprint - CORRECT ANSWER -% of times and difficulty level for
each topic
Increases blueprint complexity - CORRECT ANSWER -Item types ( m.c, essay, matching )
Response code scoring - CORRECT ANSWER -CC ( completely correct)
I ( incorrect)
HP ( high partial accuracy)
LP ( low partial accuracy)
No points, just codes/ letters to label proficiency
, Point scoring - CORRECT ANSWER -Assign points to each item, proficiency determine by %
Mounting Evidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Use multiple indicators to find patterns of student
achievement and determine summative scores
Linear trend - CORRECT ANSWER -Math model in which it's assumed there is a steady and equal
increase in learning over time.
Curvilinear Trend - CORRECT ANSWER -Assumption that when initially learning something,
students demonstrate rather large jumps but over time. Increase flattens out
Average - CORRECT ANSWER -The assumption that no learning occurs from assessment to
assessment
( looks like a straight line on a bar graph)
Students scores are combined and averaged
True score - CORRECT ANSWER -An estimation of a students actual score on an assessment if
there was no error. Are considered accurate measures of student knowledge although efforts
should be made to reduce errors. Represents students true level of understanding
Observed score - CORRECT ANSWER -true score + error score
Error score - CORRECT ANSWER -The part of the observed score that is due to factors other than
the students level of understanding
Best fit model - CORRECT ANSWER -The model with the least amount of error ( in regards to
mathematical models)
Questions with Correct Answers 2026-2027
Standard based grading system - CORRECT ANSWER -Tracks progress toward achievement
towards standards and academic skills using proficiency scales.
Traditional grading system - CORRECT ANSWER -Grades calculated based off %, partially based
on nonacademic factors.
Focus statement - CORRECT ANSWER -Full standard statement with detail for guidance and
assessment.
Measurement Topic - CORRECT ANSWER -Small set of critical topics or themes to focus on
Declarative Knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER -What students UNDERSTAND
facts, ideas, information
(name and explain)
Procedural Knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER -BE ABLE TO DO
Skills, strategies, processes
( act or perform tasks)
Proficiency Scales - CORRECT ANSWER -Measure student progress towards standard mastery.
Usually a 4pt scale
4=advanced ( in depth application)
3=proficient ( understands target)
2=developing ( partial success)
,1=beginning ( with help)
Parallel Assessments - CORRECT ANSWER -Multiple assessments given to the same students
over time. Measures and records leaning over time to identify growth or gaps.
Eliminates error.
Reliability - CORRECT ANSWER -Assessment accurately and constantly measures the same
content for ALL STUDENTS. ( same outcome )
Validity - CORRECT ANSWER -Refers to the degree which the assessment is relevant to the
content and measures what it's supposed measure.
Unidemensionality - CORRECT ANSWER -One aspect ( standard) measured at a time
Assessment Blueprint - CORRECT ANSWER -Specifies assessment
skills, assessment types, # of assessments
Proved Proper coverage on blueprint - CORRECT ANSWER -% of times and difficulty level for
each topic
Increases blueprint complexity - CORRECT ANSWER -Item types ( m.c, essay, matching )
Response code scoring - CORRECT ANSWER -CC ( completely correct)
I ( incorrect)
HP ( high partial accuracy)
LP ( low partial accuracy)
No points, just codes/ letters to label proficiency
, Point scoring - CORRECT ANSWER -Assign points to each item, proficiency determine by %
Mounting Evidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Use multiple indicators to find patterns of student
achievement and determine summative scores
Linear trend - CORRECT ANSWER -Math model in which it's assumed there is a steady and equal
increase in learning over time.
Curvilinear Trend - CORRECT ANSWER -Assumption that when initially learning something,
students demonstrate rather large jumps but over time. Increase flattens out
Average - CORRECT ANSWER -The assumption that no learning occurs from assessment to
assessment
( looks like a straight line on a bar graph)
Students scores are combined and averaged
True score - CORRECT ANSWER -An estimation of a students actual score on an assessment if
there was no error. Are considered accurate measures of student knowledge although efforts
should be made to reduce errors. Represents students true level of understanding
Observed score - CORRECT ANSWER -true score + error score
Error score - CORRECT ANSWER -The part of the observed score that is due to factors other than
the students level of understanding
Best fit model - CORRECT ANSWER -The model with the least amount of error ( in regards to
mathematical models)
