BIOL 117 FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Long term potentiation.
Answer: use of information is like a sorting process
◉ T/F: If information is not used, then it is discarded.
Answer: True
◉ LTP is facillitated by.
Answer: Chunking
◉ Emeregnce.
Answer: The whole is greater than the sum of the parts
◉ Emergent Properties.
Answer: Results from the arrangement and interaction of parts
within a system
◉ Reductionism.
Answer: Reduction of complex systems to simpler components that
are more manageable to study
,◉ Scientific Method.
Answer: Make an observation
Do background research
Make a hypothesis
Create an experiment
Evaluate the results of the experiment
If the predictions are wrong, make a new hypothesis and start over
from step 3
Revise predictions
Repeat and verify
◉ 4 most abundant elements.
Answer: C, H, O, N
◉ Ionic bonds.
Answer: Between atoms => the more electronegative elements steals
an electron
◉ Van der Waals Interactions.
Answer: -Develop because electrons are in constant motion
-single interaction is weak but multiple are strong
,◉ Hydrogen bonds.
Answer: -very strong dipole-dipole interaction
-H + F, O, N
◉ Cohesive behavior.
Answer: -polar molecules side with different charges are attracted to
each other
-surface tension is a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of
a liquid
◉ Hydrophillic.
Answer: Ions, salts, polar, "water loving"
◉ Hydrophobic.
Answer: Lipids, nonpolar, "water hating"
◉ Organic compounds.
Answer: -carbon based compounds
-carbon bonded to another carbon or hydrogen
◉ Hydrocarbons.
, Answer: -only hydrogen and carbon
-nonpolar, uncharged, hydrophobic
◉ Hydroxyl group.
Answer: -alcohol
-polar
-form hydrogen bodns with water
-hydrophillic
◉ Ketone.
Answer: -internal carbonyl group
-polar
-hydrophillic
◉ Aldehyde.
Answer: -terminal carbonyl group
-polar
-hydrophillic
◉ Carboxyl group.
Answer: -polar
-hydrophillic
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Long term potentiation.
Answer: use of information is like a sorting process
◉ T/F: If information is not used, then it is discarded.
Answer: True
◉ LTP is facillitated by.
Answer: Chunking
◉ Emeregnce.
Answer: The whole is greater than the sum of the parts
◉ Emergent Properties.
Answer: Results from the arrangement and interaction of parts
within a system
◉ Reductionism.
Answer: Reduction of complex systems to simpler components that
are more manageable to study
,◉ Scientific Method.
Answer: Make an observation
Do background research
Make a hypothesis
Create an experiment
Evaluate the results of the experiment
If the predictions are wrong, make a new hypothesis and start over
from step 3
Revise predictions
Repeat and verify
◉ 4 most abundant elements.
Answer: C, H, O, N
◉ Ionic bonds.
Answer: Between atoms => the more electronegative elements steals
an electron
◉ Van der Waals Interactions.
Answer: -Develop because electrons are in constant motion
-single interaction is weak but multiple are strong
,◉ Hydrogen bonds.
Answer: -very strong dipole-dipole interaction
-H + F, O, N
◉ Cohesive behavior.
Answer: -polar molecules side with different charges are attracted to
each other
-surface tension is a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of
a liquid
◉ Hydrophillic.
Answer: Ions, salts, polar, "water loving"
◉ Hydrophobic.
Answer: Lipids, nonpolar, "water hating"
◉ Organic compounds.
Answer: -carbon based compounds
-carbon bonded to another carbon or hydrogen
◉ Hydrocarbons.
, Answer: -only hydrogen and carbon
-nonpolar, uncharged, hydrophobic
◉ Hydroxyl group.
Answer: -alcohol
-polar
-form hydrogen bodns with water
-hydrophillic
◉ Ketone.
Answer: -internal carbonyl group
-polar
-hydrophillic
◉ Aldehyde.
Answer: -terminal carbonyl group
-polar
-hydrophillic
◉ Carboxyl group.
Answer: -polar
-hydrophillic
