BIOL 117 EXAM 4 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE 2026
◉ What does the urinary system do for blood volume?
Answer: Adjusts blood volume/blood pressure (reninn)
◉ What does the urinary system do for blood plasma and ions?
Answer: Regulates blood plasma concentrations of ions
◉ Urinary system does what do ions
Answer: Concentration of ions makes blood acidic bicarbonate
makes blood alkaline
◉ What does the urinary system do for ph?
Answer: Stabilizes blood ph
◉ What does the urinary system do for nutrients?
Answer: Conserves valuable nutrients, glucose by preventing their
loss in urine
◉ What does the urinary system do for drugs?
Answer: removes drugs and toxins form the blood stream
,◉ What is the hilum?
Answer: connective tissue layers that support the kidneys
◉ Parts that make up the hilum
Answer: fibrous capsule (outer surface), perinephric fat, renal fascia
◉ What is a nephron?
Answer: Microscopic functional unit of the kidney 1.2 million per
kidney
◉ Nephrons processes
Answer: filtration, reabsorption, secretion
◉ What are the 2 types of nephrons?
Answer: Cortical nephrons and Juxtamedullary nephrons
◉ Define Cortical Nephrons
Answer: Cortex 85% of nephrons, in charge of regulatory functions -
shorter loop
◉ Define Juxtamedullary Nephorns
, Answer: Nephrons- 15% conserving H2O conc urine- longer loops
◉ Describe the Parts of a Nephron
Answer: Renal Corpuscle-glomerus- glomerular capsule
Renal Tubule - PCT proximal Tubule Nephron Loop - Distal
Convulted Tubule
collecting System
◉ Describe what Kidneys casualization does
Answer: receives about 25% of cardia output at rest note* no
segmental veins
◉ Describe Nephron innervation for blood pressure
Answer: Renal nerves adjust blood volume and blood pressure
arterioles/glomerus
◉ Describe nephron innervation for release of renin and the process
Answer: Stimulate the release of renin -> angiotensin's->
angiotensin II -> aldosterone (RAAS) retain sodium, water follows
◉ How do the kindeys maintain homeostasis
Answer: by removing metabolic wastes and producing urine
GUIDE 2026
◉ What does the urinary system do for blood volume?
Answer: Adjusts blood volume/blood pressure (reninn)
◉ What does the urinary system do for blood plasma and ions?
Answer: Regulates blood plasma concentrations of ions
◉ Urinary system does what do ions
Answer: Concentration of ions makes blood acidic bicarbonate
makes blood alkaline
◉ What does the urinary system do for ph?
Answer: Stabilizes blood ph
◉ What does the urinary system do for nutrients?
Answer: Conserves valuable nutrients, glucose by preventing their
loss in urine
◉ What does the urinary system do for drugs?
Answer: removes drugs and toxins form the blood stream
,◉ What is the hilum?
Answer: connective tissue layers that support the kidneys
◉ Parts that make up the hilum
Answer: fibrous capsule (outer surface), perinephric fat, renal fascia
◉ What is a nephron?
Answer: Microscopic functional unit of the kidney 1.2 million per
kidney
◉ Nephrons processes
Answer: filtration, reabsorption, secretion
◉ What are the 2 types of nephrons?
Answer: Cortical nephrons and Juxtamedullary nephrons
◉ Define Cortical Nephrons
Answer: Cortex 85% of nephrons, in charge of regulatory functions -
shorter loop
◉ Define Juxtamedullary Nephorns
, Answer: Nephrons- 15% conserving H2O conc urine- longer loops
◉ Describe the Parts of a Nephron
Answer: Renal Corpuscle-glomerus- glomerular capsule
Renal Tubule - PCT proximal Tubule Nephron Loop - Distal
Convulted Tubule
collecting System
◉ Describe what Kidneys casualization does
Answer: receives about 25% of cardia output at rest note* no
segmental veins
◉ Describe Nephron innervation for blood pressure
Answer: Renal nerves adjust blood volume and blood pressure
arterioles/glomerus
◉ Describe nephron innervation for release of renin and the process
Answer: Stimulate the release of renin -> angiotensin's->
angiotensin II -> aldosterone (RAAS) retain sodium, water follows
◉ How do the kindeys maintain homeostasis
Answer: by removing metabolic wastes and producing urine
