BIOL 117 EXAM 3 HIGH-YIELD EVOLUTION AND
ECOLOGY SUMMARY 2026
◉ Which plant groups produce pollen?
Answer: Gymnosperms and angiosperms
◉ Which plant groups produce spores?
Answer: Bryophytes and seedless vascular plants
◉ What is the function of the cuticle?
Answer: Prevents water loss
◉ What is the function of stomata?
Answer: Regulate gas exchange and water loss
◉ What is the function of water-conducting cells?
Answer: Transport water and provide support
◉ What is the function of gametangia?
Answer: Protect gametes and embryo
,◉ What does it mean to be an embryophyte?
Answer: Embryo is retained and nourished
◉ What is alternation of generations?
Answer: Life cycle with haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte
stages
◉ Is a gametophyte haploid or diploid?
Answer: Haploid
◉ Does a gametophyte produce gametes or spores?
Answer: Gametes
◉ What process creates gametes?
Answer: Mitosis
◉ Is a sporophyte haploid or diploid?
Answer: Diploid
◉ Does a sporophyte produce gametes or spores?
Answer: Spores
, ◉ What process creates spores?
Answer: Meiosis
◉ Do gametes become gametophytes or sporophytes?
Answer: Sporophytes
◉ Do spores become gametophytes or sporophytes?
Answer: Gametophytes
◉ What is the difference between tracheids and vessel elements?
Answer: Tracheids are narrow with pits; vessel elements are wider
with open ends
◉ What is the difference between antheridia and archegonia?
Answer: Antheridia produce sperm; archegonia produce eggs
◉ What are the two main systems in land plants?
Answer: Root system and shoot system
◉ What are the three tissue types?
Answer: Dermal, ground, vascular
ECOLOGY SUMMARY 2026
◉ Which plant groups produce pollen?
Answer: Gymnosperms and angiosperms
◉ Which plant groups produce spores?
Answer: Bryophytes and seedless vascular plants
◉ What is the function of the cuticle?
Answer: Prevents water loss
◉ What is the function of stomata?
Answer: Regulate gas exchange and water loss
◉ What is the function of water-conducting cells?
Answer: Transport water and provide support
◉ What is the function of gametangia?
Answer: Protect gametes and embryo
,◉ What does it mean to be an embryophyte?
Answer: Embryo is retained and nourished
◉ What is alternation of generations?
Answer: Life cycle with haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte
stages
◉ Is a gametophyte haploid or diploid?
Answer: Haploid
◉ Does a gametophyte produce gametes or spores?
Answer: Gametes
◉ What process creates gametes?
Answer: Mitosis
◉ Is a sporophyte haploid or diploid?
Answer: Diploid
◉ Does a sporophyte produce gametes or spores?
Answer: Spores
, ◉ What process creates spores?
Answer: Meiosis
◉ Do gametes become gametophytes or sporophytes?
Answer: Sporophytes
◉ Do spores become gametophytes or sporophytes?
Answer: Gametophytes
◉ What is the difference between tracheids and vessel elements?
Answer: Tracheids are narrow with pits; vessel elements are wider
with open ends
◉ What is the difference between antheridia and archegonia?
Answer: Antheridia produce sperm; archegonia produce eggs
◉ What are the two main systems in land plants?
Answer: Root system and shoot system
◉ What are the three tissue types?
Answer: Dermal, ground, vascular
