BIOL 117 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ Physiology.
Answer: Study of function.
The "How"
How do processes occur in our body? How does blood get oxygen?
How does food get broken down?
◉ Pathophysiology.
Answer: the study of how disease processes affect the function of the
body. "when things go wrong"
◉ Homeostasis.
Answer: A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood
glucose, around a particular level
Think of a thermostat
◉ Negative feedback.
Answer: A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions
by initiating responses that will counteract the change. Maintains a
steady state.
,"Turning something on or off as needed.
◉ Levels of organization.
Answer: atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
◉ Atom.
Answer: Basic unit of matter (H,C,O, Na+, K+, Ca2+, etc.)
◉ Molecules.
Answer: Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical
bonds (H2O, O2, CO2, etc.)
◉ Cells.
Answer: Bone, nerve, skin, muscle, etc.
◉ Tissues.
Answer: muscle, connective, epithelial
◉ Organs.
Answer: Heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, etc.
◉ Organ system.
,Answer: Cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.
◉ Organism.
Answer: The Human
◉ anatomical position.
Answer: erect, facing forward, feet forward, arms at side with palms
facing forward, head facing forward
◉ Anterior (ventral).
Answer: Towards the front
◉ Posterior (dorsal).
Answer: Toward the back
◉ Superior.
Answer: Top
◉ Inferior.
Answer: Bottom
◉ Lateral.
, Answer: Away from the midline of the body
◉ Medial.
Answer: Toward the midline of the body
◉ Proximal.
Answer: Closer to the point of attachment
◉ Distal.
Answer: Away from the point of attachment
◉ Central/Peripheral.
Answer: Central: Center
Peripheral: Away from the center
◉ Superficial.
Answer: Near the surface
◉ Deep.
Answer: Away from the body surface
◉ Sagittal plane.
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ Physiology.
Answer: Study of function.
The "How"
How do processes occur in our body? How does blood get oxygen?
How does food get broken down?
◉ Pathophysiology.
Answer: the study of how disease processes affect the function of the
body. "when things go wrong"
◉ Homeostasis.
Answer: A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood
glucose, around a particular level
Think of a thermostat
◉ Negative feedback.
Answer: A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions
by initiating responses that will counteract the change. Maintains a
steady state.
,"Turning something on or off as needed.
◉ Levels of organization.
Answer: atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
◉ Atom.
Answer: Basic unit of matter (H,C,O, Na+, K+, Ca2+, etc.)
◉ Molecules.
Answer: Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical
bonds (H2O, O2, CO2, etc.)
◉ Cells.
Answer: Bone, nerve, skin, muscle, etc.
◉ Tissues.
Answer: muscle, connective, epithelial
◉ Organs.
Answer: Heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, etc.
◉ Organ system.
,Answer: Cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.
◉ Organism.
Answer: The Human
◉ anatomical position.
Answer: erect, facing forward, feet forward, arms at side with palms
facing forward, head facing forward
◉ Anterior (ventral).
Answer: Towards the front
◉ Posterior (dorsal).
Answer: Toward the back
◉ Superior.
Answer: Top
◉ Inferior.
Answer: Bottom
◉ Lateral.
, Answer: Away from the midline of the body
◉ Medial.
Answer: Toward the midline of the body
◉ Proximal.
Answer: Closer to the point of attachment
◉ Distal.
Answer: Away from the point of attachment
◉ Central/Peripheral.
Answer: Central: Center
Peripheral: Away from the center
◉ Superficial.
Answer: Near the surface
◉ Deep.
Answer: Away from the body surface
◉ Sagittal plane.
