MIDTERM N582 FINAL PAPER 2026 STUDY
GUIDE DETAILED ANSWERS READY
◉ grey matter
Answer: contains nerve cells and dendrites
◉ brain tissue
Answer: made up of grey matter and white matter
◉ dorsal striatum
Answer: involved in complex motor actions and linkage of cognition
to motor actions
-main input area for basal ganglia
*activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure
◉ The field of epigenetics is rapidly growing and can help explain
how gene expression is:
Answer: influenced by environmental factors and how epigenetics
contributes to the manifestation of mental illness
◉ How does epigenetics impact a person's mental health?
,Answer: internal or external factors activate portions of the genome
that result in the manifestation of mental health symptoms
-activation is often a result of a stressful event, which, when
combined with the genetic risk, results in the disease
-genes being on or off
-occurrence of symptoms may be the result of inheritance of an
abnormal gene or of normal genes being "on" when they should be
"off."
◉ Types of epigenetic changes:
Answer: DNA Methylation
Histone modification
Non-coding RNA
◉ The potential legal and ethical issues impacting mental health
treatment must also be taken into account, including:
Answer: -informed consent
-competence to make healthcare decisions
-off-label prescribing
◉ Informed consent
Answer: Clients have the right to receive enough information to
make decisions about treatment.
,-must also be informed about potential risks associated with
medications.
-have the right to refuse treatment
-cannot be forcibly medicated in non-emergencies. However, clients
can be forcibly medicated if they are violent toward themselves or
others and when less restrictive methods have failed
◉ Compliance
Answer: A court order may be issued for a client to receive
treatment against their wishes if they are considered a danger to
themselves or others.
-Examples: clients with schizophrenia or sex offenders
-Guardians can provide consent for clients who have limited
cognitive capabilities or are incompetent to make decisions
-PMHNPs are responsible for being knowledgeable about their state
laws and abiding by them.
◉ Off-Label Prescribing
Answer: Some clients may benefit from the unapproved use of a
drug for symptom management.
-Example: many SSRIs used to tx anxiety and OCD but are not FDA
approved for use in this disorder.
-potentially raises ethical and legal concerns
, -PMHNP must remain up to date with the latest recommendations
for off-label prescribing.
◉ Incidence of mental illness-what factors are increasing the
incidence
Answer: Psychological and sociological factors
Lifestyle factors such as a client's smoking status, diet, exercise,
history of medication adherence, or history of addiction should be
considered when prescribing psychotropic medications
◉ Adherence
Answer: Persistence
-taking med over intended time period
Compliance
-taking med as prescribed
◉ left hemisphere
Answer: -speech comprehension
-word recognition
-grammar
-sequential processing
-recognition of detail
GUIDE DETAILED ANSWERS READY
◉ grey matter
Answer: contains nerve cells and dendrites
◉ brain tissue
Answer: made up of grey matter and white matter
◉ dorsal striatum
Answer: involved in complex motor actions and linkage of cognition
to motor actions
-main input area for basal ganglia
*activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure
◉ The field of epigenetics is rapidly growing and can help explain
how gene expression is:
Answer: influenced by environmental factors and how epigenetics
contributes to the manifestation of mental illness
◉ How does epigenetics impact a person's mental health?
,Answer: internal or external factors activate portions of the genome
that result in the manifestation of mental health symptoms
-activation is often a result of a stressful event, which, when
combined with the genetic risk, results in the disease
-genes being on or off
-occurrence of symptoms may be the result of inheritance of an
abnormal gene or of normal genes being "on" when they should be
"off."
◉ Types of epigenetic changes:
Answer: DNA Methylation
Histone modification
Non-coding RNA
◉ The potential legal and ethical issues impacting mental health
treatment must also be taken into account, including:
Answer: -informed consent
-competence to make healthcare decisions
-off-label prescribing
◉ Informed consent
Answer: Clients have the right to receive enough information to
make decisions about treatment.
,-must also be informed about potential risks associated with
medications.
-have the right to refuse treatment
-cannot be forcibly medicated in non-emergencies. However, clients
can be forcibly medicated if they are violent toward themselves or
others and when less restrictive methods have failed
◉ Compliance
Answer: A court order may be issued for a client to receive
treatment against their wishes if they are considered a danger to
themselves or others.
-Examples: clients with schizophrenia or sex offenders
-Guardians can provide consent for clients who have limited
cognitive capabilities or are incompetent to make decisions
-PMHNPs are responsible for being knowledgeable about their state
laws and abiding by them.
◉ Off-Label Prescribing
Answer: Some clients may benefit from the unapproved use of a
drug for symptom management.
-Example: many SSRIs used to tx anxiety and OCD but are not FDA
approved for use in this disorder.
-potentially raises ethical and legal concerns
, -PMHNP must remain up to date with the latest recommendations
for off-label prescribing.
◉ Incidence of mental illness-what factors are increasing the
incidence
Answer: Psychological and sociological factors
Lifestyle factors such as a client's smoking status, diet, exercise,
history of medication adherence, or history of addiction should be
considered when prescribing psychotropic medications
◉ Adherence
Answer: Persistence
-taking med over intended time period
Compliance
-taking med as prescribed
◉ left hemisphere
Answer: -speech comprehension
-word recognition
-grammar
-sequential processing
-recognition of detail
