HCR 210 Exam #1 Questions and Correct Answers
Which of the following rules is the most commonly upheld standard for informed consent?
the professional custom rule
A physician assistant owns stock in a pharmaceutical company and writes prescriptions for
medications made by this company even when there is no evidence they will help the
patient. Which of the following ethical principles did the physician assistant most clearly
and directly violate?
a) beneficence
b) informed consent (incorrect)
c) therapeutic privilege
d) paternalism
Ethically, an ethics committee might act as a surrogate decision-maker only if...
evidence suggests that the appointed surrogate is behaving unethicallv.
Overriding a patient's wishes in order to benefit the patient or at least prevent harm is best
referred to as...
paternalism
Acting with the welfare of the patient in mind is best referred to as...
beneficence
Health-care providers have an obligation to...
provide information and leadership to ensure fair distribution of health care.
,Ethical Violations Example: The patient in Room 5 does not wash himself when told to do
so. The nurse punishes him by waiting 20 minutes to answer the patient's call bell.
informed consent
Ethical Violations Example: A physician owns stock in a pharmaceutical company and
writes prescriptions for medications made by this company
even when it is not clear the medications will help the patient.
beneficence
Ethical Violations Example: Knowing that the patient is a Jehovah's Witness, the physician
does not mention that this surgery will likely result in the need
for blood products out of fear the patient will refuse.
informed consent
Ethical Violations Example: To maximize income, the physician schedules three patients
for the same time. If they all show up, two of them have to wait
and waste their time.
beneficence
Which of the following is the most likely indicator that a particular patient is incompetent
to make medical decisions?
a) A diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (incorrect answer)
b) Frequently changing his or her mind about the treatment plan
c) A Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) score of 30 on two separate occasions
d) Diagnosis of depression, treated as an outpatient for the past year
,Which of the following statements is most true of Institutional Ethics Committees (IECs)?
The IEC is not a health-care surrogate and is not authorized to make decisions for a patient.
The Baby Doe rule applies primarily in instances in which the...
treatment proposed can be rendered comfortable for the patient.
Based on the study by Leape (1991) as cited in Baillie et al. (2013), it would be fair to
conclude that most unnecessary surgeries resulted from physician...
uncertainty.
Avoiding actions that oppose the welfare of the patient is best referred to as...
nonmaleficence.
What is the most significant difficulty with substituted judgment?
Many people do not discuss their end-of-life needs while there is time.
Which of the following statements is most true of the patient's obligation with regard to
health promotion and disease prevention?
Patients must use ordinary, rather than extraordinary, means to preserve and restore their health.
A nurse practitioner recommends surgery for a patient without informing the patient of
the alternative treatments available. Which of the following ethical principles did the nurse
practitioner most clearly and directly violate?
informed consent
, What are the responsibilities of the physician or other legally independent practitioner
when obtaining informed consent? Choose all that apply.
-Inform the patient of the diagnosis
-Explain the nature and purpose of the proposed treatment
-Identify known risks and benefits of the proposed treatment
-Describe risks of refusing proposed treatment
T/F It is never acceptable to withhold information from patients for fear the will refuse
treatment.
True
Which of the following situations best represents a conflict of interest?
• A chiropractor in a rural area sells discounted medical devices to patients he believes will
benefit.
• A nurse practitioner owns small sums of stock in a pharmaceutical company.
• A physician refers patients to a surgi-center he owns without informing them of his
financial interest.
• A physician refers patients to a surgi-center owned by a colleague he respects.
A physician refers patients to a surgi-center he owns without informing them of his financial
interest.
Approximately how many inpatients were found to be medically incompetent in one study,
according to Applebaum (2007)?
Which of the following rules is the most commonly upheld standard for informed consent?
the professional custom rule
A physician assistant owns stock in a pharmaceutical company and writes prescriptions for
medications made by this company even when there is no evidence they will help the
patient. Which of the following ethical principles did the physician assistant most clearly
and directly violate?
a) beneficence
b) informed consent (incorrect)
c) therapeutic privilege
d) paternalism
Ethically, an ethics committee might act as a surrogate decision-maker only if...
evidence suggests that the appointed surrogate is behaving unethicallv.
Overriding a patient's wishes in order to benefit the patient or at least prevent harm is best
referred to as...
paternalism
Acting with the welfare of the patient in mind is best referred to as...
beneficence
Health-care providers have an obligation to...
provide information and leadership to ensure fair distribution of health care.
,Ethical Violations Example: The patient in Room 5 does not wash himself when told to do
so. The nurse punishes him by waiting 20 minutes to answer the patient's call bell.
informed consent
Ethical Violations Example: A physician owns stock in a pharmaceutical company and
writes prescriptions for medications made by this company
even when it is not clear the medications will help the patient.
beneficence
Ethical Violations Example: Knowing that the patient is a Jehovah's Witness, the physician
does not mention that this surgery will likely result in the need
for blood products out of fear the patient will refuse.
informed consent
Ethical Violations Example: To maximize income, the physician schedules three patients
for the same time. If they all show up, two of them have to wait
and waste their time.
beneficence
Which of the following is the most likely indicator that a particular patient is incompetent
to make medical decisions?
a) A diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (incorrect answer)
b) Frequently changing his or her mind about the treatment plan
c) A Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) score of 30 on two separate occasions
d) Diagnosis of depression, treated as an outpatient for the past year
,Which of the following statements is most true of Institutional Ethics Committees (IECs)?
The IEC is not a health-care surrogate and is not authorized to make decisions for a patient.
The Baby Doe rule applies primarily in instances in which the...
treatment proposed can be rendered comfortable for the patient.
Based on the study by Leape (1991) as cited in Baillie et al. (2013), it would be fair to
conclude that most unnecessary surgeries resulted from physician...
uncertainty.
Avoiding actions that oppose the welfare of the patient is best referred to as...
nonmaleficence.
What is the most significant difficulty with substituted judgment?
Many people do not discuss their end-of-life needs while there is time.
Which of the following statements is most true of the patient's obligation with regard to
health promotion and disease prevention?
Patients must use ordinary, rather than extraordinary, means to preserve and restore their health.
A nurse practitioner recommends surgery for a patient without informing the patient of
the alternative treatments available. Which of the following ethical principles did the nurse
practitioner most clearly and directly violate?
informed consent
, What are the responsibilities of the physician or other legally independent practitioner
when obtaining informed consent? Choose all that apply.
-Inform the patient of the diagnosis
-Explain the nature and purpose of the proposed treatment
-Identify known risks and benefits of the proposed treatment
-Describe risks of refusing proposed treatment
T/F It is never acceptable to withhold information from patients for fear the will refuse
treatment.
True
Which of the following situations best represents a conflict of interest?
• A chiropractor in a rural area sells discounted medical devices to patients he believes will
benefit.
• A nurse practitioner owns small sums of stock in a pharmaceutical company.
• A physician refers patients to a surgi-center he owns without informing them of his
financial interest.
• A physician refers patients to a surgi-center owned by a colleague he respects.
A physician refers patients to a surgi-center he owns without informing them of his financial
interest.
Approximately how many inpatients were found to be medically incompetent in one study,
according to Applebaum (2007)?
