BIOL 2457- EXAM 5: ANS & SENSORY SYSTEM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Control center locations: - CORRECT ANSWER -brainstem & spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) effectors: - CORRECT ANSWER -cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle, and glands
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)- Sympathetic (SNS) Neurotransmitters: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Acetylcholine from CNS=> Norepinephrine (NE)/ Epinephrine (E) at effector (inhibitory)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)- Parasympathetic (PNS) Neurotransmitters: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Acetylcholine from CNS=> Acetylcholine at effector (excitatory)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) neurotransmitter pathways of PNS - CORRECT ANSWER -2
neuron chain from CNS to effector organs: lightly myelinated preganglionic axons=> ach release
at ganglion=> nonmyelinated postganglionic axon=> Ach at effector organ (+)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) neurotransmitter pathways of sympathetic NS - CORRECT
ANSWER -2 neuron chain from CNS to effector organs: lightly myelinated pre-ganglionic axons=>
ach release=> either nonmyelinated postganglionic axon OR E&NE release from adrenal medulla
to blood vessel=> NE/E release at effector organ
NE - CORRECT ANSWER -inhibitory (-)
E - CORRECT ANSWER -excitatory (+)
, Somatic nervous system (SNS) pathway: - CORRECT ANSWER -single, heavily myelinated neuron
from CNS to effector organs=> Ach release at effector organs
Somatic nervous system effector organs - CORRECT ANSWER -skeletal muscle fibers
Ach - CORRECT ANSWER -excitatory (+)
Somatic nervous system neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER -Acetylcholine (ach) only
Somatic nervous system (SNS) control centers: - CORRECT ANSWER -brain & spinal cord
Role of varicosities in the sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER -location where
action potentials arrive at voltage-gated Ca2+ channel=> causing Ca2+ channels to open within
synaptic vesicles=> exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (containing neurotransmitters) from the
varicosity
Location of varicosities - CORRECT ANSWER -smooth muscle fibers
Origin for parasympathetic branch - CORRECT ANSWER -brain stem (cranial fibers) or sacral
spinal cord
Origin of sympathetic branch - CORRECT ANSWER -thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
Locations of parasympathetic branch - CORRECT ANSWER -visceral organs- small & large
intestines
Some blood vessels
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Control center locations: - CORRECT ANSWER -brainstem & spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) effectors: - CORRECT ANSWER -cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle, and glands
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)- Sympathetic (SNS) Neurotransmitters: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Acetylcholine from CNS=> Norepinephrine (NE)/ Epinephrine (E) at effector (inhibitory)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)- Parasympathetic (PNS) Neurotransmitters: - CORRECT
ANSWER -Acetylcholine from CNS=> Acetylcholine at effector (excitatory)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) neurotransmitter pathways of PNS - CORRECT ANSWER -2
neuron chain from CNS to effector organs: lightly myelinated preganglionic axons=> ach release
at ganglion=> nonmyelinated postganglionic axon=> Ach at effector organ (+)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) neurotransmitter pathways of sympathetic NS - CORRECT
ANSWER -2 neuron chain from CNS to effector organs: lightly myelinated pre-ganglionic axons=>
ach release=> either nonmyelinated postganglionic axon OR E&NE release from adrenal medulla
to blood vessel=> NE/E release at effector organ
NE - CORRECT ANSWER -inhibitory (-)
E - CORRECT ANSWER -excitatory (+)
, Somatic nervous system (SNS) pathway: - CORRECT ANSWER -single, heavily myelinated neuron
from CNS to effector organs=> Ach release at effector organs
Somatic nervous system effector organs - CORRECT ANSWER -skeletal muscle fibers
Ach - CORRECT ANSWER -excitatory (+)
Somatic nervous system neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER -Acetylcholine (ach) only
Somatic nervous system (SNS) control centers: - CORRECT ANSWER -brain & spinal cord
Role of varicosities in the sympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER -location where
action potentials arrive at voltage-gated Ca2+ channel=> causing Ca2+ channels to open within
synaptic vesicles=> exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (containing neurotransmitters) from the
varicosity
Location of varicosities - CORRECT ANSWER -smooth muscle fibers
Origin for parasympathetic branch - CORRECT ANSWER -brain stem (cranial fibers) or sacral
spinal cord
Origin of sympathetic branch - CORRECT ANSWER -thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
Locations of parasympathetic branch - CORRECT ANSWER -visceral organs- small & large
intestines
Some blood vessels
